Characterization of experimental

SIMS has become one of the most important tools for the characterization of experimental products because of its minimal sample requirements, high spatial resolution, excellent sensitivity, and unsurpassed ability for depth-profile measurements. Most of the experimental work can be split into two different areas. The first consists of studies examining diffusion rates of different elements in minerals or melts under a variety of pressure, temperature, and fluid conditions, typically by using an isotopically enriched tracer. These analyses are done either by cutting a surface parallel to the diffusion direction and taking a traverse of spot analyses (for conditions in which profiles in the tens to hundreds of micrometers are expected) or by depth-profiling in from the mineral surface to depths of as much as 5-10 micrometers. In the latter mode, depth resolution on the tens of nanometer scale is possible (see Chapter 4). The second area is focused on determining partition coefficients for trace elements between different minerals and fluids/melts at specific temperatures, pressures, and fluid conditions, to provide the data needed to interpret trace element contents measured in natural minerals. This type of analysis typically involves spot analysis of mineral run products. 

The main control parameters in the characterization of experimental and reference materials were textural, structural and catalytic properties, the last involving the ability to crack modified gas oil with 5 wt.% residue. 

KALE, S.P., CARY, J.W., BHATNAGAR, D., BENNETT, J.W., Characterization of experimentally induced, nonaflatoxingenic variant strains of Aspergillus parasiticus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996, 62, 3399-3404. 

W. Jenseit, O. Bdhme, F. U. Leidich, and H. Wendt [1993] Impedance Spectroscop a Method for in situ Characterization of Experimental Fuel Cells, Electrochim. Acta, 38, 2115-2120. 

Our concern in this chapter is of certain similarity properties of the solution of population balance equations. These properties are of considerable value not only to the characterization of experimental data, but also to the identification of key model parameters associated with system behavior, and frequently in the elucidation of behavior at the particle level from population data. The property of similarity manifests in the form of what is often described as a self-similar or self-preserving solution associated with the behavior of many partial differential and integro-partial differential equations. 

The ATEM characterizations of experimental reaction products and archaeological analogue material have shown that highly aluminous C-S-H phases precipitate due to cement/rock interaction. This contrasts with the results of theoretical models, in which all A1 is assumed to go into other phases, principally zeolites. Zeolite precipitation may therefore be overestimated by the models. 

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