Be found in Volume

An extensive treaunent of gas-liquid flows encountered in industry applications, along with numerous design correlations can be found in Volume 3 of the Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics - Gas-Liquid Flows (N. P. Cheremisinoff, editor. Gulf Publishing Co, Houston, TX, 1986). Further discussions in this volume can be found in Chapter 4 with regard to flow regimes typically encountered in bubble columns and similar devices. 

Radical induced grafting may be carried out in solution, in the melt phase,292 29 or as a solid state process.296 This section will focus on melt phase grafting to polyolefin substrates but many of the considerations are generic. The direct grafting of monomers onto polymers, in particular polyolefins, in the melt phase by reactive extrusion has been widely studied. Most recently, the subject has been reviewed by Moad1 9 and by Russell.292 More details on reactive extrusion as a technique can be found in volumes edited by Xanthos," A1 Malaika and Baker et a 21 7 The process most often involves combining a frcc-radical initiator (most commonly a peroxide) and a monomer or macromonomer with the polyolefin as they are conveyed through the extruder. Monomers commonly used in this context include MAII (Section 7.6.4.1), maleimidc derivatives and malcate esters (Section 7.6.4.2), (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate esters (Section 7.6.43), S, AMS and derivatives (Section 7.6.4.4), vinylsilancs (Section 7.6.4.5) and vinyl oxazolines (Section 7.6.4.6). 

A discussion of ligand exchange reactions of organometallic compounds associated with oxidation-reduction processes leading to free-radical formation will be found in Volume 14 (Free-radical polymerization). 

Only a brief review of the fundamental principles that underlie the design procedures will be given a fuller discussion can be found in Volume 2, and in other text books King (1980), Hengstebeck (1976), Kister (1992). 

Lists of pyrophoric materials that include less common chemicals, including metals, can be found in volume 2 of Brethericks Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards (Urben, 1999). Other spontaneously combustible substances are tabulated by their proper shipping names and UN/NA numbers in the U.S. Dept, of Transportation regulation 49 CFR 172.101. 

Starting with Volume 30, a Cumulative Subject Index covering the previous 5 volumes has been published in every 5th volume. That listing the chapters in Volumes 1 - 29 may be found in Volume 29. 

Data for other substances can be obtained from the following critical compilations and online in the NIST Chemistry WebBook at http //www.webbook.nist.gov/ chemistry/ or from the NIST-TRC Databases available on disk. (Information can be found at http //www.nist.gov/srd/thermo.htm, or at http //srdata.nist.gov/ gateway/gateway keyword = thermodynamics.) An exhaustive list of earlier sources of tabulated thermochemical data can be found in Volume 1 of Chemical Thermodynamics, A Specialist Periodical Report [2]. A useful list of websites containing thermodynamic data is available at http //tigger.uic.edu/ mansoori/ Thermodynamic.Data. and.Property.html. 

The optical character of chalcedony is distinct from that expected for the normally uniaxial mineral, quartz, and signals the fibrous nature of a particular sample. The direction of fiber elongation is often parallel to the [1120] crystallographic direction of the quartz structure (Fig. 2.19A), but other fiber directions have also been determined within a single sample (Frondel, 1985). The presence of helically twisted fibers are suspected from the variations in extinction and birefringence noted along the fiber length (Fig. 2.19C). More detailed information on the optical or other physical and chemical properties of quartz and its many varieties can be found in volume 3 of Palache et al. (1962) and in Frondel (1985). 

Part 1 can be found in Volume 67 Part 2 appears in Volume 68. 

The multi-copper oxidases include laccase, ceruloplasmin, and ascorbate oxidase. Laccase can be found in tree sap and in fungi ascorbate oxidase, in cucumber and related plants and ceruloplasmin, in vertebrate blood serum. Laccases catalyze oxidation of phenolic compounds to radicals with a concomitant 4e reduction of O2 to water, and it is thought that this process may be important in the breakdown of lignin. Ceruloplasmin, whose real biological function is either quite varied or unknown, also catalyzes oxidation of a variety of substrates, again via a 4e reduction of O2 to water. Ferroxidase activity has been demonstrated for it, as has SOD activity. Ascorbate oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ascorbate, again via a 4e reduction of O2 to water. Excellent reviews of these three systems can be found in Volume 111 of Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes (Lontie, 1984). 

Annulation of the second ring onto a monocyclic parent continues to be the most common synthetic route to the bicyclic systems discussed in this section. The synthetic background to the starting monocycles is, in general, not discussed in this chapter but may be found in Volumes 6 and 7 or its precursors CHEC(1984) or CHEC-11(1996). 

This glossary avoids listing drugs and medical conditions. Information on those topics can be found in volumes that aim to give medical advice. It instead concentrates on terms needed to understand debates and issues related to the social, economic, and policy aspects of prescription drugs. 

Reviews of Articles on Oxidation of Graphite. The most recent review of graphite oxidation kinetics is that of Mayers (50) in 1934. However, a number of symposia on reactions of carbon have been organized in recent years and many of the papers reviewed here are taken from these collections. Specifically the symposia are to be found in Volume 47 of Journal de Chimie Physique and in Volumes 44 and 45 of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Many of the papers in the former journal are written in English. 

Generally speaking, these methods result in very mild treatments which will maintain the biological function of proteins which are usually associated with their tertiary structure. If the configuration of the protein is altered, the process is generally reversible. A discussion of many of these unit operations can be found in Volume 2, Chapters 17-20. 

Further reference to the work of G.M.R. and to incidents in her later life will be found in Volume II of these Memoirs [which was never published]. Nevertheless, I cannot postpone an acknowledgement of the very great help which she gave me at all stages of my career. Looking back, I can see how she subordinated her interests to mine, was always such a ready collaborator in scientific work, and cheerfully followed my chief vacation activity, namely mountaineering.59... 

The present theme follows logically from that discussed in the previous chapter. Further foundation material can be found In Volume I, including adsorption thermodynamics (sec. I.2.20e). interaction forces (secs. 1.4.4 and 4.5) and diffusion-determined adsorption/desorption rates (sec. 1.6.5). 

It should also be noted that the activation of a mechanism-based inhibitor by its target enzyme is, formally, an example of metabolic activation. However, there is a clear distinction between the activation of a mechanism-based inhibitor described above and the metabolic activation of a prodrug. In the latter case, an inactive precursor is metabolized in the body (either chemically or enzymatically) to metabolites that possess the desired activity. For example. Acyclovir (3a) must be metabol-ically converted to the triphosphate (3b) and released into the medium before it will inhibit viral DNA polymerase. Further discussion on prodrugs may be found in volume 2, chapter 14. 

This problem may be generally solved by catalyzed hydrometallation, which proceeds as shown in Scheme 1. Here the actual hydrometallating species is a transition metal hydride, but only catalytic amounts are needed. The following survey of such methods is brief more details on the two most important systems, hydroalumination and hydrosilylation, may be found in Volume 8, Chapters 3.11 and 3.12 respectively. 

Information about Reviews in Computational Chemistry is available on the World Wide Web at http //chem.iupui.edu/rcc/rcc.html. Our web site includes the author and subject indexes of all volumes as a free online service. Color graphics and other material as adjuncts to the chapters are also available. A brief tutorial about the web can be found in Volume ITs appendix. That appendix and the one in Volume 7 provide links to suppliers of software and other resources of interest to practicing computational chemists. 

Oxyphenisatine, once a very widely used laxative, was withdrawn before 1980 in most countries because of chronic persistent/active hepatitis a full account will be found in volumes in this series from 1971. 

This chapter focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular processes underlying the inheritance and functional consequences of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion P.SY+. An expanded discussion of the history of PSI+ including a summary of evidence supporting its classification as a yeast prion can be found in Volume 57 of Advances in Protein Chemistry (Serio and Lindquist, 2001). 

Many monographs and review articles of organometallic cluster chemistry have appeared in the preceding two decades. " In COMC (1995), chapters relating specifically to metal clusters are to be found in Volumes 7, 8, and 10, which cover the metals which are present in the largest number of known molecular metal clusters in other volumes, metal clusters are intermixed with mononuclear metal complexes. No previous chapter has been concerned with applications of organometallic clusters. 

Earlier reviews of these systems may be found in Volume 5, Chapter 4.10 of the first edition of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, and in the Weissberger series on heterocyclic chemistry <6iHC(l5-l)460, 61HC(15-1)643, 77HC(30-2)l 17>. The broad range of useful pharmacological activities... 

When a solution of colchicine is exposed to light in the absence of air, three products are isolated in varying amounts, depending on the conditions a-, j8-, and y-lumicolchicine. One feature they all share is the absence of the long wavelength UV-band associated with the troponoid system. A discussion of earlier work on these photoisomers may be found in volume VI. 

Details and uses of these thermodynamic cycles using free energy perturbation theory can be found in Volume 1 of this series. 

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