Bretherick s Handbook

Bretherick s Handbook, NFPA 49, 325 and 432 hazard ratings, Sax, Handbook of Hazardous Chemical Properties, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology or as determined... 

L. Bretherick, P.G. Urbcn and M.J. Pitt, Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards An Indexed Guide to Published Data, 6th Edn, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1999. ISBN 075063605X. 

P. G. Urben (editor), Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazuuls. 5tli edition. BuUeiwoilli-Hememann. Oxioid, UK. J995... 

The number of reactions that can run away is enormous, Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards [1] lists about 4,700 chemicals that have been involved in hazardous reactions of one sort or another, and there are more than 20,000 cross-references to entries involving more than one chemical. It is an essential work of reference for the chemist, the process engineer, and everyone involved in process safety. All I can do here is give a few examples to illustrate the reasons why runaways occur. 

Bretherick s Handbook remains broadly similar to the previous editions but older readers will notice some changes. There are, of course, some hundreds of additional entries and much supplementary information in existing entries. This is the second edition for which I have been responsible and readers will still regret the absence of Leslie Bretherick, who had to withdraw from compilation because of worsening sight but remains a support and stay. The bulk is still his work, which is an indication of his immense labours laying the foundations, when accidents were less often reported and databases harder to compile than they now are. The present editor and his assistants have a far easier task continuing the work. 

Volume 2 of Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards (Urben, 1999) lists many structures and individual chemical compounds having oxidizing properties. NFPA 432 can be consulted for typical organic peroxide formulations. Note, however, that some organic peroxide formulations bum with even less intensity than ordinary combustibles and present no chemical reactivity hazard. 

If you are certain that NO oxidizers are present, then proceed to Question 11. If you are uncertain as to whether a material is an oxidizer, a chemist or other expert should be consulted. Table 3.6, which was derived from NFPA 49 (2001) and Appendix B of NFPA 430 (2000), lists some typical oxidizers, but is by no means a complete list. Organic peroxides are not included individually in this list. NFPA 432 (1997) can be consulted for typical organic peroxide formulations. Volume 2 of Bretherick s Handbook (Urben 1999,287-291) lists many structures and individual chemical compounds having oxidizing properties. 

References on incompatibilities, such as Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards (Urben 1999), Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (Lewis and Irving 2000) and NFPA 491, Hazardous Chemical Reactions (NFPA 2002), summarize published literature and incidents on incompatibilities. They may give more detailed information on what to expect when specific materials are combined. 

The voluminous Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards (Urben 1999) gives brief summaries of published accounts of numerous incidents involving reactive chemicals and interactions. Bretherick s Handbook includes reactivity information on over 5000 materials, plus a like number of secondary entries involving interactions between two or more materials. Bretherick s Handbook is also available in an electronic format. 

Certain kinds of molecular groupings are more likely to show chemical reactivity than other kinds. For example, Bretherick s Handbook (Urben 1999 2 129-131) lists many bond groupings and functional groups that tend to contribute explosive instability to substances or substance mixtures. 

Urben, P.G. (ed.) 1999. Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, Sixth Edition. 2 vols. Oxford, UK Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3605-X. Also available on CD-ROM as Bretherick s Reactive Chemical Hazards Database—Version 3.0. Oxford, UK Butterworth-Heinemann. On-line by subscription [www.chemweb.com]. 

Hazard information sources, 71-78. See also Information needs Bretherick s Handbook, 76 Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS) Manual, 76 factors in, 71-72... 

The PSI element of both the OSHA PSM Standard and the EPA RMP regulation can be improved by requiring the inclusion of all existing information on chemical reactivity. Examples of such information are chemical reactivity test data, such as DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), or accelerating rate calorimetry and relevant incident reports from the plant, the corporation, industry, and government. OSHA and EPA should require the facility to consult such resources as Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards,Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, and computerized tools (e g., CHETAH, The Chemical Reactivity Work Sheet). 

Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemicals Summaries of reactivity, incompatibility, and other dangerous properties of individual substances either alone or in combination case histories Butterworth-Heinemann... 

Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 6th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann Retrieved information... 

Fluorine nitrate is shock sensitive, especially in liquid state. The liquefied material explodes when shaken vigorously or in contact with alcohol, ether, andine, or grease (Bretherick s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th. Ed., P. Urhen (ed.) 1995, pp 1405-6, Oxford, UK Butterworth-Heinemann). The gas catches fire when mixed with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide. 

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