Baume number

In addition to DE values and carbohydrate profiles, syrups are usually identified by their solids level. The traditional means of expressing the solids of a glucose/syrup is the Baume number. Extensive work comparing the Baume number to refractive index... 

Twaddell Hydrometer. This hydrometer, which is used only for liquids heavier than water, has a scale such that when the reading is multiplied by 5 and added to 1000 the resulting number is the specific gravity with reference to water as 1000. To convert specific gravity at 60°/60°F to Twaddell degrees, take the decimal portion of the specific gravity value and multiply it by 200 thus a specific gravity of 1.032 = 0.032 X 200 = 6.4° Tw. See also special table for conversion to density and Baume scale. 

The problem was first addressed by Cover ([cover64], [cover65]), who found a lower bound on the minimum number of synaptic weights needed for an ADALINE network (see section 10.5.1) to realize any Boolean function. More recently. Cover s early work has been extended by Baum ([baumSSa], [baum89]). who has found a... 

Baum also showed that, regardless of the number of hidden layers it may possess, unless a multi-layer perception has at least on the order of O n/log2 neurons, it will be unable to compute an arbitrary function [baumSSa],... 

Studies on the dissolution of solids in the liquid phase include that of Hixson and Baum(74) whose correlation of data in terms of Reynolds, Sherwood and Schmidt numbers, discussed in detail in Section 10.2 in connection with mass transfer during leaching, is one of the most frequently used methods for calculating the mass transfer coefficient for the solid dissolution. 

Kavapyrones seem to be the therapeutically active constituents. Kava appears to influence a number of monoamine, amino acid, and neuropeptide transmitters in the CNS. Animal studies suggest that kava activates mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons (e.g., in the nucleus accumbens) while also altering 5-HT levels in various brain regions (Baum et ah, 1998). Kava may also act as a reversible MAO inhibitor and a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (Uebelhack et ah, 1998). 

However, a considerable number of hydrometers calibrated according to the Baume scale were found at an early period to be in error by a consistent amount, and this led to the adoption of the equation ... 

Traxler and Baum (1936) showed that the value for the slope m (m = 0.019) holds for a large number of mineral powders. For irregular particles it is necessary to determine the average void diameter experimentally. This subject was discussed in Chapter 6. Note that in Table 70 the value of C = v-mfDv is practically constant for a given mixture, regardless of the amount of solids present. 

Krahl, J., Baum, K., Hackbarth, U., Jeberien, H.-E., Munack, A., Schtitt, C., Schroder, O., Walter, N., Btinger, J., Muller, M. M., and Weigel, A. 2001. Gaseous Compounds, Ozone Precursors, Particle Number and Particle Size Distributions, and Mutagenic Effects Due to Biodiesel. Trans. ASAE, 44,179-191. 

In an effort to generalize their correlations so as to include systems which were not geometrically similar, Hixson and Baum (H7) proposed the concept of a standard system, selecting as a standard the system on which they had done the most work. The power requirement at any impeller Reynolds number for a nonstandard system was to be obtained... 

Of particular interest was the apparently unchanged helical segment 89-96 in the A state, as indicated hy a number of amides that were protected from solvent exchange. It was suggested that the stability of this segment may be brought about by a variety of side-chain interactions. From their results Baum et al. were able to propose a model for the A state, in which much conformational freedom is exhibited, but in which specific elements of the nadve state are preserved. 

Hein J. R., Koschinsky A., Halbach P., Manheim F. T., BauM., Kang J.-K., and Lubick N. (1997) Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. In Manganese Mineralization Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits, Special Publication Number 119 (eds. K. Nicholson, J. R. Hein, B. Buhn, and S. Dasgupta). Geological Society of London, pp. 123-138. 

The problem of octogen stability was tackled in similar ways by a number of B ors Baum and Shipitsin (143), Maycock et al. (144, 145). Rogers and wrris [146], Hall [147]. Kimura and Kubota 1148]. 

The price of crude oil is generally based on its specific gravity. Two scales are used degrees Baume or degrees API (American Petroleum Institute). Degrees Baume is a European scale. In the API scale, water has a value of ten, heavier substances have numbers lower than ten and lighter substances have higher numbers. 

Baum, Rudy M. Chemistry s Golden Age. Chemical if Engineering News 76 (January 12, 1998) 143-151. This is an interview with a number of prominent chemists on the future of chemistry to the year 2023 as part of the 75th Anniversary Special Issue. 

The number of primary projectiles (i.e major pieces of the tank) will depend on the type of failure, the shape of the vessel, and the severity of the explosion. Typically, a BLEVE will involve a ductile failure the cracks will propagate at lower velocity and without branching. The number of fragments will be less than if it were a fragile failure. The number of projectiles will be in the range of 2 to 15 (Baum, 1988, has reported that typically there will be less than five projectiles). 

James BD, Baum GN, Perez J, Baum KN. Technoeconomic analysis of photoelectro-chemical (PEC) hydrogen production. DOE Contract Number GS-10F-009J 2009). 

Chapman RD, Archibald TG, Baum K (1989) Research in energetic compounds. Report ONR-7-1 (interim). Fluorochem, Azusa, CA NTIS accession number... 

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