Baume

Klaholz, S. Langenberg, K.. ]. Baum, P. Waite, F. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 14 219-226, Plenum Press, New York, 1995... 

E. J. Baum, Chemical Property Estimation Theory and Applications Lewis, Boca Raton (1998). 

Cartier s Hydrometer. This hydrometer shows a reading of 22° when immersed in a solution having a density of 22° Baume but the scale divisions are smaller than on the Baume hydrometer in the ratio of 16 Cartier to 15 Baume. 

Sprayometer (Parrot and Stewart). This hydrometer which is used in determining the density of lime sulfur solutions has two scales one scale is graduated from 0° to 38° Baume and the other scale is from 1.000 to 1.350 specific gravity. 

Twaddell Hydrometer. This hydrometer, which is used only for liquids heavier than water, has a scale such that when the reading is multiplied by 5 and added to 1000 the resulting number is the specific gravity with reference to water as 1000. To convert specific gravity at 60°/60°F to Twaddell degrees, take the decimal portion of the specific gravity value and multiply it by 200 thus a specific gravity of 1.032 = 0.032 X 200 = 6.4° Tw. See also special table for conversion to density and Baume scale. 

This table gives the relation between density (c.g.s.) and degrees on the Baume and Twaddell scales. The Twaddell scale is never used for densities less than unity. See also Sec. 2.1.2.1, Hydrometers. 

Density Degrees Baume (NIST scale) Degrees Baume (A.P.I.t scale)... 

B. Baum and M. Binette, Report DOE/CS/3S3S9-T1 (DE84011488), U.S. Dept, of Energy Contract No. AC04-78CS35359, NTIS, Springfield, Va.,June 1983. 

Density. Measurement of density is widely used in the sugar industry to determine the sugar concentration of symps, Hquors, juices, and molasses. The instmment used is called a hydrometer or a spindle. When it is graduated in sucrose concentration (percent sucrose by weight), it is called a Brix hydrometer or a Brix spindle. Brix is defined as the percent of dry substance by hydrometry, using an instmment or table caUbrated in terms of percent sucrose by weight in water solution. Hydrometers are also graduated in °BaumH, stiU in use in some industries. The relationship between °BaumH and density, ing/cm, is °Baumn Baum e = 145(1 — 1/d). 

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