Battery technology, printed

An application of thick-film printing technology for the fabrication of a Zn-Mn02 alkaline batteries [342] was also described. The mechanism of the capacity fade of rechargeable alkaline zinc-manganese cell was studied and discussed [343]. Zinc electrode with addition of several oxides (HgO, Sb203) for alkaline Zn-Mn02 cells [344] was also studied. 

Another major technology area that can utflize conductive IJ ink is the display market. Inkjet can be applied for both flexible and rigid displays such as electroluminescent and electrophoretic displays (including e-paper), hquid crystal displays (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP) and touch screens some functionalities have already been printed by IJ technology in certain display apphcations, for example RGB color filters. Conductive IJ is also appropriate for use in thin film transistors (TFT), disposable batteries, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, and a range of chemical and electronic sensors. 

Transistors have had an immense impact on the technology of electronic devices for which signal amplification is needed, such as communications equipment and computers. Before the invention of the transistor at Bell Laboratories in 1947, amplification was provided exclusively by vacuum tubes, which were both bulky and unreliable. The first electronic digital computer, ENIAC, built at the University of Pennsylvania, had 19,000 vacuum tubes and consumed 150,000 W of electricity. Because of the discovery and development of the transistor and the printed circuit, a hand-held calculator run by a small battery has the same computing power as ENIAC. 

Batteries could be printed using ink-jet technology as illustrated in Figure 11-25. First, an organometallic or metal nanoparticle ink is printed to form metal current collectors. Next, LiCo02 is printed onto cathode... 

Nazri GA, Pistoia G (2003) Lithium batteries, science and technology. Springer, New York (first softcover printing 2009)... 

Nishide, H., Oyaizu, K., 2008. Toward flexible batteries. Science 319 (5864), 737-738. Numakura, D., 2008. Advanced screen printing Practical approaches for printable flexible electronics . In Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly Circuits Technology Conference, 2008. IMPACT 2008. 3rd International, pp. 205-208. 

Up to 2003, a joint project of Power Paper and the Institute for Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Graz University of Technology, explored a rechargeable version of printed thin and flexible zinc/manganese dioxide batteries based on experience with RAM cells (see Section 8.3.7-4) [200]. 

Klein, T.K. (2003) Doctoral dissertation, Graz University of Technology, Development of a thin-film battery produced by printing techniques. 

Nazri, G.A. and Pistoia, G. (2009) Lithium Batteries, Science and Technology, SpringerScience -FBusinessMedia LLC 2003, first softcover printing. 

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