Basic Salt Solutions

Acidic solution + Basic solution = Salt+Solvent... 

Salts That Yield Neutral Solutions Salts That Yield Acidic Solutions Salts That Yield Basic Solutions Salts of Weakly Acidic Cations and Weakly Basic Anions... 

Salts That Produce Neutral Solutions Salts That Produce Basic Solutions Salts That Produce Acidic Solutions Metal Ion Hydrolysis Salts in Which Both the Cation and Anion Hydrolyze... 

Salts in which the cation does not act as an acid and the anion acts as a base form basic solutions. A salt in which the cation is the counterion of a strong base and in which the anion is the conjugate base of weak acid form basic solutions. Salts in this category include ... 

Deep red coloration. Boil for one minute and note the formation of a brown ppt. of basic ferric salt. Add dil. HCl the ppt. dissolves, giving a clear solution. 

Succinate, benzoate, phthalate and cinnamate give buff or brownish coloured precipitates of the basic ferric salts in the cold. Add dil. H2SO4. The basic ferric succinate dissolves giving a clear solution the other basic ferric salts also dissolve, but simultaneously a white precipitate of the free acid is also formed. 

Alkylation of A-4-thiazoline-2-one may yield O-R or N-R derivatives according to experimental conditions. With diazomethane in ethanol O-raethylation takes place (29. 36. 214). N-Methylation is reported when a basic solution of A-4-thiazoline-2-one reacts with methyl iodide or dimethylsulfate (21, 29, 215, 216), Reaction of l-chloro-2-dimethyl-aminoethane with the sodium salt of 4 R-A-4-thiazoline-2-one (91) in alcohol, first claimed to yield the aminoalkylether (217, 218), was shown after infrared investigation to give the N-substituted derivative (92) (107), even when R Ph (Scheme 45). More probably the site of reaction in... 

Saponification (Section 20 11) Hydrolysis of esters in basic solution The products are an alcohol and a carboxylate salt The term means soap making and denves from the process whereby animal fats were converted to soap by heating with wood ashes... 

Many orthophosphate salts, in particular those of polyvalent cations, exhibit incongment solubihty where disporportionation occurs in solution to yield a more basic orthophosphate salt and phosphoric acid. This hydrolytic disproportionation of orthophosphates should not be confused with the... 

Fig. 10. Polymerization behavior of silica. In basic solution (B), particles grow in size and decrease in number in acidic solution or in the presence of flocculating salts (A), particles aggregate into three-dimensional networks and form gels (1).

The paratungstates are generally crystallised from slightly basic solutions. By far the most important salt is ammonium paratungstate [1311 -93-9] (NH 2o 12 40 known as the heavy form of commercial ammonium paratungstate. It is usually formed by crystallisation from a boiling... 

Zinc forms salts with acids but since it is amphoteric, it also forms zincates, eg, [Zn(OH)2 H20] and Z.n([7) ). The tendency of zinc to form stable hydroxy complexes is also important because some basic zinc salts are only slightly soluble in water. Examples are 3Zn(OH)2 ZnSO [12027-98-4] and 4Zn(OH)2 ZnCl2 [11073-22-6] which may precipitate upon neutralization of acidic solutions of the salts. 

Antimony trioxide is insoluble in organic solvents and only very slightly soluble in water. The compound does form a number of hydrates of indefinite composition which are related to the hypothetical antimonic(III) acid (antimonous acid). In acidic solution antimony trioxide dissolves to form a complex series of polyantimonic(III) acids freshly precipitated antimony trioxide dissolves in strongly basic solutions with the formation of the antimonate ion [29872-00-2] Sb(OH) , as well as more complex species. Addition of suitable metal ions to these solutions permits formation of salts. Other derivatives are made by heating antimony trioxide with appropriate metal oxides or carbonates. 

Diazophenols, ie, o-hydroxyaryldiazonium salts, couple to 1-naphthol in weaMy basic solution primarily in the para position, but as the hydroxyl ion concentration is increased, formation of the ortho isomer is favored and is frequentiy the sole product. Pyridine and pyridine derivatives, urea, and acetate, etc, used as buffers can also catalyze azo coupling reactions (28). l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid [116-63-2] (1,2,4-acid) and 1-naphthol yield the important Eriochrome Black A [3564-14-5] (18a, R = H) (Cl Mordant Black 3 Cl 14640) which is reportedly (20) a mixture of ortho and para isomers. 

Strong basic solutions are effective solvents for acid gases. However, these solutions are not normally used for treating large volumes of natural gas because the acid gases form stable salts, which are not easily regenerated. For example, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to yield sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide, respectively. 

Bismuth. 25.0 mL bismuth ion solution + solid hexamine to pH about 4.6 the precipitate of basic bismuth salt dissolves as the EDTA solution is added but the titration is slow. 

The oxidation is slow in acidic solution but rapid in basic solution, where insoluble iron(III) hydroxide, Fe(OH)3, is precipitated. Although [Fe(H20)6]3+ ions are pale purple and Fe3 1 ions give amethyst its purple color, the colors of aqueous solutions of iron(III) salts are dominated by the conjugate base of [Fe(H20)g]3+, the yellow [Fe0H(H20)d2+ ion ... 

In each case the mechanism involves generation of an aryl radical from a covalent azo compound. In acid solution diazonium salts are ionic and their reactions are polar. When they cleave, the product is an aryl cation (see p. 852). However, in neutral or basic solution, diazonium ions are converted to covalent compounds, and these cleave to give free radicals ... 

Sodium carbonate is a white, powdery solid moderately soluble in water to give a basic solution. It reacts with acids to produce a sodium salt and carbon dioxide. 

Chromium is also important in converting animal hides into leather. In the tanning process, hides are treated with basic solutions of Cr(HI) salts, which causes cross-linking of collagen proteins. The hides toughen and become pliable and resistant to biological decay. 

Bauxite, the main aluminum ore, is a mixed oxide-hydroxide, A1(0)0H, contaminated with Si02, Fc2 O3, clay, and other hydroxide salts. To isolate the aluminumcontaining material, the ore is treated with a strongly basic solution, whose high hydroxide concentration causes the solid to dissolve as a soluble complex ion,... 

Diazonium salts can also be converted to halides by processes involving aryl free radicals. In basic solutions, aryl diazonium ions are converted to radicals via the diazo oxide.102... 

Tetrazolium salts are unstable in basic solutions yielding intense colors. This reaction is still little understood.233,234 In the reaction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium with hydroxide, it is postulated that a hydroxide ion is involved first as a counterion later leading to the hypothetical A-hydroxy-formazan (147).229 Weiner studied the kinetics of this reaction and identified 1,3,5-triphenylformazan in 10% yield. In concentrated alkaline solutions, the A-hydroxytetrazole (148) has been isolated from triphenyltetrazolium chloride (Scheme 19).235,236... 

Tetraalkylammonium salts, e.g. R4N I , are known, on treatment with moist silver oxide, AgOH, to yield basic solutions comparable in strength with the mineral alkalis. This is readily understandable for the base so obtained, R4N eOH, is bound to be completely ionised as there is no possibility, as with tertiary amines, etc.,... 

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