Basic mechanisms research

Electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep studies on the use of antidepressants in depressed patients have not produced clear evidence of the involvement of REM or non-REM sleep in the mechanisms underlying clinical change. Furthermore, the role of the physiological mechanisms of sleep during treatment with antidepressants is still unclear. Further basic sleep research is necessary (Gillin 1983) to interpret the effects of antidepressants on EEG sleep in terms of the physiological processes of sleep. 

EMS fosters research on the basic mechanisms of mutagenesis as well as on the application of this knowledge in the field of genetic toxicology. 

The basic mechanism of enforcement was to be inspection of testing facihties by FDA field investigators. The FDA s authority to conduct inspections of facilities engaged in interstate commerce of regulated products is well estabhshed, and such inspections are the primary method of enforcement of the FFDCA. Under the proposal, studies performed by a testing facility that refused to permit inspection would not be accepted in support of an application for a research or marketing permit. 

Clinical research involves sick persons and aims ultimately at improving existing treatments and discovering new and better ones. Questions of diagnosis and classification of diseases, as well as parts of basic medical research, also come under the heading of clinical research insofar as they concern the study of causes and mechanisms of diseases and their symptoms in humans. In psychiatry, clinical research in the sense of therapy research includes pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches. This chapter deals exclusively with research on drug treatments. 

R. L. Platzman, Basic Mechanisms in Radiobiology, National Research Council Publication No. 305, Washington D.C., 1953, p. 22. 

The basic mechanism of autoxidation at elevated temperatures is similar to that of room-temperature oxidation, i.e., a free radical chain reaction involving the formation and decomposition of hydroperoxide intermediates. Although relative proportions of the isomeric hydroperoxides, specific for oleate, linoleate and linolenate, vary with oxidation temperatures in the range 25°C -80°C, their qualitative pattern is the same (. Likewise, the major decomposition products isolated from fats oxidized over wide temperature ranges are those reflecting autoxidation of their constituent fatty acids (2 -6). The mechanisms and products of lipid oxidation have been extensively studied. The reader is referred to the numerous monographs, reviews and research articles available in the literature (1,A,7,8,9,10,11). 

With contributions from an international team of research specialists, the book explains the basic mechanisms of allergenic reactions in humans, the molecular background of these mechanisms, and the problems of food tolerance and intolerance. It also discusses the issues related to common treatments of food allergies and the narrow groups into which they are categorized. 

Section 5 contains a summary of the basic mechanisms giving rise to spatio-temporal instabilities in electrochemical systems and discusses perspectives and challenges in future research. 

Ash deposition in biomass combustion systems has been the focus of numerous research efforts.559,659 The basic mechanism for deposit formation in biomass combustion systems starts with the vaporization of alkali metals, usually chlorides, in the combustor. Fly ash particles, which are predominantly silica, impact and stick to boiler tube surfaces. As the flue cools the alkali metal vapors and aerosols quench on the tube surfaces. When the ash chemistry approaches equilibrium on the surface and the deposit becomes molten, the likelihood increases that additional fly ash particles will stick, and deposits grow rapidly. Ash deposits can also accelerate the corrosion or erosion of the heat transfer surfaces. This greatly increases the maintenance requirements of the power plant often causing unscheduled plant interruptions and shutdown. 

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