Physiological mechanisms

WC Barker, MO Dayhoff. Evolution of homologous physiological mechanisms based on protein sequence data. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 62 1-5, 1979. 

Bigland-Ritchie, B. (1981). EMG and fatigue of human voluntary and stimulated contractions. In Human Muscle Fatigue Physiological Mechanisms (Porter, R. Whelan, J., eds.), pp. 130-156. Pitman, London. 

Jones, H.G. (1985). Physiological mechanisms involved in the control of leaf water status Implications for the estimation of tree water status. Acta Horticulturae, 171, 291-6. 

Vaadia, Y. (1987). Salt and drought tolerance in plants regulation of water use efficiency in sensitive and tolerant species. In NATO Conference on Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms Associated with Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 2-7 August 1987. 

Flowers, T.J. Yeo, A.R. (1989). Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields. In Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms Associated with Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, ed. J. Cherry. Berlin Springer-Verlag, (in press). 

P. R. Darrah. Interactions between root exudates, mineral nutrition and plant growth. Inherent Variation in Plant Growth Physiological Mechanisms and Ecological Consequences (H. Lambers, H. Poorter and M. M. I. van Vuuren, eds.), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1998, p. 159. 

Allelopathic inhibition of mineral uptake results from alteration of cellular membrane functions in plant roots. Evidence that allelochemicals alter mineral absorption comes from studies showing changes in mineral concentration in plants that were grown in association with other plants, with debris from other plants, with leachates from other plants, or with specific allelochemicals. More conclusive experiments have shown that specific allelochemicals (phenolic acids and flavonoids) inhibit mineral absorption by excised plant roots. The physiological mechanism of action of these allelochemicals involves the disruption of normal membrane functions in plant cells. These allelochemicals can depolarize the electrical potential difference across membranes, a primary driving force for active absorption of mineral ions. Allelochemicals can also decrease the ATP content of cells by inhibiting electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, which are two functions of mitochondrial membranes. In addition, allelochemicals can alter the permeability of membranes to mineral ions. Thus, lipophilic allelochemicals can alter mineral absorption by several mechanisms as the chemicals partition into or move through cellular membranes. Which mechanism predominates may depend upon the particular allelochemical, its concentration, and environmental conditions (especially pH). 

Although the definition of allelopathy Includes stimulation as well as Inhibition of growth by allelochemicals (1., 4), allelochemicals that definitively affect mineral absorption by plant roots have been found to primarily Inhibit, rather than stimulate, the process. The first part of this review presents evidence that alteration of mineral absorption Is a physiological mechanism of allelopathy. Possible physiological and biochemical bases for the Inhibition of mineral absorption by allelochemicals are then discussed. 

WN Charman, CJH Porter, S Mithani, JB Dressman. Physicochemical and physiological mechanisms for the effects of food on drug absorption the role of lipids and pH. J Pharm Sci 86 269-282, 1997. 

Electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep studies on the use of antidepressants in depressed patients have not produced clear evidence of the involvement of REM or non-REM sleep in the mechanisms underlying clinical change. Furthermore, the role of the physiological mechanisms of sleep during treatment with antidepressants is still unclear. Further basic sleep research is necessary (Gillin 1983) to interpret the effects of antidepressants on EEG sleep in terms of the physiological processes of sleep. 

D. Randall, Burggren, W. and Trench, K. (2002). Eckert Animal Physiology - Mechanisms and... 

Weir, T.L., Park, S.W. and Vivanco, J.M. (2004). Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7 472-479. 

Fritschy, J.-M. and Brunig, I. Formation and plasticity of GABAergic synapses physiological mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. Pharmacol. Ther. 98 299-323, 2003. 

Turner WH, Brading AF 1997 Smooth muscle of the bladder in the normal and the diseased state pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 75 77—110 van Breemen C, Chen Q, Laher I 1995 Superficial buffer barrier function of smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Trends Pharmacol Sci 16 98-105 Wray S 1993 Uterine contraction and physiological mechanisms of modulation. Am J Physiol 264 C1-C18... 

Wray S 1993 Uterine contraction and physiological mechanisms of modulation. Am J Physiol 264 0-08... 

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