Basic Definitions and Terminology

At-risk Behavior Actions increasing the potential consequence of injury or illness. The term was coined by Deborah Pivaronas as a way of describing critical, safety-related behaviors without the associated negative connotation (Krause, 1997, p. 10). The term is more neutral and less evaluative than unsafe behavior. 

Attitudes Enduring reactions toward people, places, or objects based on beliefs and emotional feelings. Attitudes include thoughts, feelings, and predispositions, and are difficult to change. 

Behavior-based Safety The use of applied behavior analysis methods to achieve continuous improvement in safety performance (Krause, 1997, p. 3). See additional definitions in this chapter. 

Culture Involves the things people do and say in an organization, and why they say or do those things. Organizational cultures develop over time and consist of traditions, beliefs, values, and the way things are done in the organization. The culture consists of the internal atmosphere or climate and commonly includes subcultures and countercultures. 

Intervention An action taken in an effort to correct or improve a practice or process. In safety, an intervention usually involves an attempt to eliminate or reduce a hazard or risk. 

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Abstract The fact that various definitions and terminology applied to measurements in analytical chemistry are not always consistent and straightforward, by not only answering the question what , but also how , leads to their various interpretations. This results in non-uniform implementation of very basic and essential metrological principles in chemistry. Such a diverse situation is not conducive to the endorsement of harmonised measurements all across the world, to serve as a tool for improving the quality of life in its broadest sense for all its citizens. The discussion in this paper is focused on problems associated with terminology and definitions of reference material and validation . 

Encyclopedias and dictionaries provide excellent basic definitions and descriptions of terms in agricultural and food engineering. The following dictionaries and encyclopedias are good sources, but none are comprehensive. One may need to consult several dictionaries to locate the definition for a specific term because all define a very different set of terms. The encyclopedias also are varied and provide different types of information. Although not listed here, older resources also are valuable in providing historical terminology and descriptions. 

Some basic concepts and definitions of terms used in the polymer literature are reviewed in this chapter. Much of the terminology in current use in polymer science has technological origins, and some meanings may therefore be understood by convention as well as by definition. Some of these terms are included in this chapter since a full appreciation of the behavior and potential of polymeric materials requires acquaintance with technical developments as well as with the more academic fundamentals of the field. An aim of this book is to provide the reader with the basic understanding and vocabulary for further independent study in both areas. 

An all-encompassing reference, the book uses OSHA standards and interpretations as guidelines for the definitions and explanations. Drawing from the many areas that influence the terminology, it provides a basic understanding of the many terms used in loss prevention and safety control. 

Fundamental Equations of Wettability. This section provides the basic equations and concepts that are needed to understand and permit a practical discussion of wettability. Rigorous definitions and mathematics can be found in the references. Wettability, in this chapter, describes the interaction between fluids and the rock surface, i.e. whether a surface prefers to be in contact with od or water. Although some general terminology will be used, wetting will generally be described with water as the wetting fluid and oil as the second fluid phase. 

As with most fields, the study of reaction kinetics has some terminology with which one must be familiar in order to understand advanced bool and research papers in the area. The following is a summary of some of these basic terms and definitions. Many of these may be known from previous studies in introductory and physical chemistry, and further background can be obtained from textbooks devoted to the physical chemistry aspects of reaction kinetics. 

The first chapter of this book included basic definitions relating to the management of safety. There is a wide range and some diversity of terminology contained within British and European standards and HSE and industry guidance. The following definitions, drawn from the standards and guidance, are used in this book. 

To this point we have used a number of terms familiar to geochemists without giving the terms rigorous definitions. We have, for example, discussed thermodynamic components without considering their meaning in a strict sense. Now, as we begin to develop an equilibrium model, we will be more careful in our use of terminology. We will not, however, develop the basic equations of chemical thermodynamics, which are broadly known and clearly derived in a number of texts (as mentioned in Chapter 2). 

A. Terminological-descriptive Value Chain Management Chemical Industry and Value Chain Characteristics Define the research field and basic terms Use of descriptive studies to narrow problem area investigated within research field Definition of types and relevant dimensions in the scope... 

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