Barley composition

LPC Product Quality. Table 10 gives approximate analyses of several LPC products. Amino acid analyses of LPC products have been pubhshed including those from alfalfa, wheat leaf, barley, and lupin (101) soybean, sugar beet, and tobacco (102) Pro-Xan LPC products (100,103) and for a variety of other crop plants (104,105). The composition of LPCs varies widely depending on the raw materials and processes used. Amino acid profiles are generally satisfactory except for low sulfur amino acid contents, ie, cystine and methionine. 

Table 1 Effect of Iron Stress on Chemical Composition of Root Exudates Collected from Barley Plants, as Determined by Combined NMR and GC-MS Analysis (Fan et al., 1997)...

A ready reckoner for the amount of N, P and K removed by certain representative crops is shown in Table 5.2. The requirement for P and K may be expressed in terms of the element rather than the oxide (P205 or K20). P205 contains 0.43 units of P K20 contains 0.83 units of K. The depletion of N, P and K from the grain of wheat, barley and oats is pro rata for yield, but the nutrient composition of the straw is different, oat straw containing very much more potassium than wheat or barley straw. Potatoes and kale are very much more exhaustive of N and K than the cereal crops. 

The different grain composition of wheat, barley and oats is shown in Table 5.3. Oats are higher in fibre and fat. 

Cereal, corn, barley. .. into matrices of PP, PE, ABS, PVC. Composite moduli are claimed in the range of 1.5-3 GPa for prices in the order of 0.75 to 3 per kg. Applications could be in packaging, toys, building and automobile. The properties of the Epitex PP composites are, for example ... 

The aim of the present study was to find whether differences could be detected in the compositions of mixture of volatile compounds sampled from the root zone of two different cultivars of barley. To have a reasonable base for a relevant genetic variation in the plant material, two cultivars with different adaptation to acid soils were selected. The sampling was done from young plants, as the establishment of the rhizosphere microflora is of importance in early stages of plant development. 

The results show a significant difference in composition of the volatiles from the root zones of the two barley cultivars. The volatile samples include several hundreds of different compounds and the distinction between the cultivars was possible only by using the technique presented. 

Most of the applications of HPLC for protein analysis deal with the storage proteins in cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, barley) and beans (pea, soybeans). HPLC has proved useful for cultivar identihcation, protein separation, and characterization to detect adulterations (illegal addition of common wheat flour to durum wheat flour) [107]. Recently Losso et al. [146] have reported a rapid method for rice prolamin separation by perfusion chromatography on a RP POROS RH/2 column (UV detection at 230nm), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and molecular size determination by MALDl-MS. DuPont et al. [147] used a combination of RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE to determine the composition of wheat flour proteins previously fractionated by sequential extraction. 

Cereals (wheat, barley, triticale, rye) Organic practices (lower fertility, no pesticides) No difference in epigeic collembolan composition No difference in species richness of butterflies, rove beetles, spiders, lower richness of carabids Alvarez et ai. (2001) Weibull et ai. (2003)... 

Hull-less barley varieties have been developed, in which the hull separates during threshing. These varieties contain more protein and less fibre than conventional barley, and theoretically should be superior in nutritive value to conventional barley. However, Ravindran et al. (2007) found that the ME (N-corrected basis) was similar in hull-less and hulled barley. The chemical composition of six Brazilian hull-less barley cultivars was studied by Helm and de Francisco (2004) and reported as follows. The highest constituents were starch (575-631 g/kg), crude protein (125-159 g/kg) and total dietary fibre (TDF 124-174g/kg), the starch and crude protein contents being in agreement with those previously reported for Swedish (Elfverson et al., 1999) and Canadian (Li et al., 2001) varieties. The other reported values (g/ kg) were ash content 15.1-22.7, ether extract 29.1M0.0, starch 574.6-631.4, insoluble dietary fibre 80.7-121.6, soluble dietary fibre 43.0-64.5 and p-glucan 37.0-57.7. 

The use of many varieties and crosses to improve yield and grain quality in triticale as well as adaptation to local conditions has resulted in a variation in nutrient composition. The protein content of newer varieties is in the range of 95-132g/kg, similar to that of wheat (Briggs, 2002 Stacey et al, 2003) Typical lysine contents (g/kg) reported by Hede (2001) from work in Mexico and Ecuador are triticale 50.4, barley 29.4, wheat 43.0 and maize 22.7. 

Elfverson, C., Andersson, A.A.M., Aman, P. and Regner, S. (1999) Chemical composition of barley cultivars fractionated by weighing, pneumatic classification, sieving, and sorting on a specific gravity table. Cereal Chemistry 76, 434-438. 

Li, J.H., Vasanthan, T., Rossnagel, B. and Hoover, R. (2001) Starch from hull-less barley I. Granule morphology, composition and amylopectin structure. Food Chemistry 74, 395-405. 

Stacey, P., O Kiely, P., Rice, B., Hackett, R. and O Mara, F.R (2003) Changes in yield and composition of barley, wheat and triticale grains with advancing maturity. In Gechie, L.M. and Thomas, C. (eds) Proceedings of the XUIth International Silage Conference. Ayr, UK, 11-13 September,... 

Yu et al.13,65 reported two EUR imaging studies of plant tissue in grain barley that employed a synchrotron light source. In the first study, this group demonstrated the capability of this technique to spatially resolve the chemical composition in plant tissue. In the second study, spectral bands for protein, lipid, lignin, total... 

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