Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Choi H.W. Kim Y.J. Lee S.C. Hong J.K. Hwang B.K. (2007) Hydrogen peroxide generation by the pepper extracellular peroxidase CaP02 activates local and systemic cell death and defense response to bacterial pathogens / / Plant Physiology. V. 145. P. 890-904. 

Renault, A.S., Deloire, A., Bierne, J. (1996). Pathogenesis-related proteins in grapevines induced by salicylic acid and Botrytis cinerea. Vitis, 35, 49-52 Robert, N., Roche, K., Lebeau, Y., Breda, C., Boulay, M., Esnault, R., Buflfard, D. (2002). Expression of grapevine chitinase genes in berries and leaves infected by fungal or bacterial pathogens. Plant Sci., 162, 389-400... 

The receptor-mediated form of endocytic uptake has been identified for a wide variety of physiological ligands, such as metabolites, hormones, immunoglobulins, and pathogens (e.g., virus and bacterial and plant toxins). Several endosomotropic receptors identified in cells are listed in Table 2. 

Several plant vims coat proteins, including those of TMV, CPMV, AlMV and Tomato bushy stunt vims (TBSV), have been used to produce and deliver antigenic determinants from a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. These data have been summarized in numerous publications and several reviews [12,13]. The ease of virus purification coupled with enhanced peptide immunogenicity when fused to carrier molecules makes this approach very attractive for vaccine development. 

The MAPK cascade in the plant s defense against bacterial pathogens is remarkably similar to the innate immune response triggered by bacterial lipopolysac-charide and mediated by the Toll-like receptors in mammals (Fig. 12-30b). Other membrane receptors use similar mechanisms to activate a MAPK cascade, ultimately activating transcription factors and turning on the genes essential to the defense response. 

Water contamination Water Environmental Research Foundation (WERF) approach and software Bacterial pathogens in drinking water New and existing chemical substances EU New and existing chemical substances USEPA Endocrine-disrupting chemicals European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) proposal Plant protection products EU Human pharmaceuticals EU... 

Hueck, C. Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62 (1998) 379—433. 

Another pathway is the fatty acid hydroperoxidase lyase (HPL) pathway. This pathway produces C6-aldehydes and C12-oxo acids. 2 C6-volatiles, including ( )-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, as well as their corresponding alcohols or esters, are produced from mechanically wounded plant tissue.197,203 C6-aldehydes are also formed during hypersensitive response to infection by bacterial pathogens, after insect feeding, and after exogenous application ofJA.204,205 As already shown in this chapter, some of C6-volatiles are known to be attractants of parasitoids and predators. 

Higher plants are sessile and are consumed by motile organisms, namely other eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Plants defend themselves by physical barriers including cell walls at the cellular level, by the waxy cuticle of leaves and by bark and thorns at the macroscopic level. Plants also defend themselves from fungal and bacterial pathogens and animal herbivores by elaborating a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and defensive proteins. There may be as many as 100,000 different kinds of plant defensive compounds of which about 30,000 have been isolated and structurally characterized. Biochemical targets have been determined in vitro or in vivo for some thousands of the defensive compounds isolated to date. 

Sublethal glyphosate concentrations were found to block glycelloln accumulation and to lower resistance of soybean to a bacterial pathogen (121. 1221. Glyphosate has also been examined In other Instances for Interactions of plants and disease organisms (165-1671. 

Two distinct classes of anti-microbial peptides have recently been reported to be produced in Solarium tuberosum (potato). The snakin proteins (StSNl and 2) are cys-teine-rich basic proteins which weigh 7 kDa and show activity against a variety of plant bacterial pathogens including Cla-... 

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