Bacteria Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Gaudry and Ploux (1992) reported that another convenient visualization technique for TLC plates is bioautography. Using this technique, a TLC plate is inverted on the surface of an agar plate previously seeded with the bacteria Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus plantarum. This procedure allows... 

Feedback inhibition of amino acid transporters by amino acids synthesized by the cells might be responsible for the well known fact that blocking protein synthesis by cycloheximide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits the uptake of most amino acids [56]. Indeed, under these conditions, endogenous amino acids continue to accumulate. This situation, which precludes studying amino acid transport in yeast in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, is very different from that observed in bacteria, where amino acid uptake is commonly measured in the presence of chloramphenicol in order to isolate the uptake process from further metabolism of accumulated substances. In yeast, when nitrogen starvation rather than cycloheximide is used to block protein synthesis, this leads to very high uptake activity. This fact supports the feedback inhibition interpretation of the observed cycloheximide effect. 

Hyde FW, Hunt GR, Errede LA (1991) Immobilization of bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in poly (tetrafluoroethylene) membranes. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 219-222... 

GFP has also been proposed as a successor to the Ames and SOS chromotest. Billinton et al. [8] obtained a reporter system, employed as genotoxicity biosensor, that uses eukaryotic cells (the baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) instead of bacteria. The strain produces green fluorescent protein, codon optimized for yeast, when DNA damage has occurred. It was demonstrated that the reporter does not falsely respond to chemicals that delay mitosis, and responds appropriately to the genetic regulation of DNA repair. 

Several lines of evidence indicate that CENP-A replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome. Biochemical studies showed that CENP-A co-sediments with nucleo-some core particles [7] and a genetic analysis indicates an interaction between Cse4p, the CENP-A of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and H4 [16,17]. A recent study with CENP-A purified from HeLa cells or expressed in bacteria showed that it can substitute for conventional H3 in nucleosome reconstitution [18]. Reconstituted CENP-A-containing nucleosomes appear to contain the other core histones in appropriate stoichiometry. However, they did not strongly protect 146 bp of core DNA from micrococcal nuclease, suggesting that CENP-A may significantly alter some aspects of the core nucleosome structure. 

Sirtuins have been conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes. Notably, they all possess a conserved catalytic core domain flanked by sequence-divergent N- and C-terminal regions. If bacteria and archaebacteria generally possess one or two sirtuins, this number is higher in eukaryotes, with five sirtuins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and seven in human. The presence of sirtuins in all phyla of life led to a wealth of structural data, not only on eukaryotic enzymes but also on bacterial and archaebacteria enzymes. 

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful microbiological alternative to bacteria, especially in the field of photobiology [30-32]. Several endpoints such as colonyforming ability (lethal effects), nuclear and cytoplasmic mutations (reversion due to... 

Simple organic molecules Ethanol Butanol Acetone Acetic acid Lactic acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pachysolen tamiophilus, some Clostridium spp. Clostridium acetobutylicum, C. saccharoacetobutylicum Clostridium acetobutylicum, C. saccharoacetobutylicum Various acetic acid bacteria Lactobacillus spp. 

Carbon tetrachloride was not mutagenic in bacteria. It induced intra-chromosomal and mitotic recombination but not aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aneuploidy was detected in another single study in Aspergillus nidulans. In vivo, in a single study with Drosophila melanogaster, no sex-linked recessive mutations were observed. 

When tested in bacteria, toluene did not induce prophage, differential killing or gene mutation. In single studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, toluene did not induce either gene conversion or gene mutation (WHO, 1985, secondary description). 

There is conflicting evidence concerning the mutagenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to bacteria. In a single study, it induced recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro, 1,2-dimcthylhydrazine formed DNA adducts in human bronchial cells, provoked unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes and induced gene mutation in mammalian cells. It gave positive results in rodents in microbial host-mediated assays. 

In single studies, ethyl acrylate did not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster but did induce mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was not mutagenic to bacteria. 

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