Bacteria indicators

Study has proved that these coliform bacteria indicate the presence of human or animal wastes in water. Coliform bacteria naturally exist in the intestines of humans and certain animals. Thus, the presence of these bacteria in water is accepted proof that the water has been contaminated by human or animal wastes. Although such water may contain no pathogens, an infected person, animal or a carrier of disease, could add pathogens at any moment Thus, immediate corrective action must be taken. The presence of coliform bacteria shows water is contaminated by human... 

Along similar lines Li, Liu, and Chen63 demonstrated that fungal spores from several strains of Asperigillus species yielded MALDI mass spectral features that were unique and characteristic. Likewise Fenselau and coworkers observed unique mass spectra from spores associated with Bacillus bacteria, indicating that different strains could be differentiated.64... 

Adult-animal sera contain antibodies to a variety of polysaccharides, including those of human pathogenic bacteria, indicating that, to confer immunity, disease is not required. Robbins and coworkers7 212 were able to detect antibodies having a specificity for Vibrio cholerae... 

Very little information on other dinitrocresol isomers was located, but toxicity studies in animals conducted by parenteral routes and genotoxicity studies in bacteria indicate that 2,6-dinitro- p-cresol is similar in potency and action to 4,6-DNOC, but that 4,6-dinitro-m-cresol is less toxic. 

Selenate apparently is not converted to dimethyl selenide as readily as is selenite. Studies of selenate metabolism are limited in mammals, but studies using bacteria indicate that selenate must be activated prior to conversion to selenite (Bopp et al. 1982). Dilworth and Bandurski (1977) demonstrated that in the presence of ATP, magnesium (II) salts, and ATP-sulfurylase, yeast could convert selenate to eventually yield selenite (Figure 3-6). Data regarding the metabolism of selenium sulfide after administration to humans or other animals were not located in the literature. 

No bacterial replication was detected at inflammatory sites caused by injection of Sephadex. We generated artificial inflammation in mice with GI-IOIA tumors by s.c. implantation of Sephadex beads (see material and methods for experimental details). After i.v. delivery of bacteria, no light emission was seen at the Sephadex implantation site, even though Sephadex-induced inflammation was apparent. However, in the same animal, the tumor was colonized with luminescent bacteria, indicating the importance of a suppressed lymphatic system for bacterial survival and replication. 

S-fimbriated E. coli combine with a2-3 linked sialic acid residues on integral membrane glycoproteins. Limited trypsinization of human erythrocytes completely abolished binding of such bacteria, indicating that glycophorin A is their sole receptor on the erythrocytes [75]. S-fimbriated E. coli also bind to sialic acid on gangliosides. 

Early genetic analyses of plants and bacteria indicated that simple patterns of heredity were not sufficient to file ///C /...20and%20Settings/Bariski/Desktop/26134 9780471022053 9780585329482 0471022055/files/page 329.html[12/10/2009 10 15 42]... 

C. butyricum appears to regulate the stability of the bilayer arrangement of membranes by altering the ratio of ether versus acyl ethanolamine phospholipids in response to changes in the degree of lipid unsaturation of the membranes. Experiments with bacteria indicate that substitution of plasmenylethanolamine for phosphatidylethanolamine in biomembranes would have only small effects on lipid melting transitions, whereas the tendency to form non-lamellar lipid structures would be significantly increased. 

Metronidazole is indicated in the treatment of symptomatic trichomoniasis in females and males when the presence of the trichomonad has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory procedures and in the treatment of asymptomatic females when the organism is associated with endocervitis, cervicitis, or cervical erosion. Metronidazole is also indicated in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscess). It is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with metronidazole therapy. In a mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection, antibiotics appropriate for the treatment of the aerobic infection should be used in addition to metronidazole. 

Bacterial indicators of general pollution include saprophytic mesophilic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria. Indicators of faecal pollution include coUform bacteria, enterococci and clostridia. 

Locating deposits of bitumens on the basis of geomicrobiological methods — for example the occurrence of methane bacteria can indicate natural gas, propane bacteria indicate the presence of petroleum, and similarly for bacteria utilizing butane, pentane and hexane. 

Whole data fell closely on a one-to-one line irrespective of the differences in species and activities of bacteria, indicating the validity of the AC impedance technique in predicting rates of MIC in soils. 

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