Replication, bacterial

Saenz, A. J. Petersen, C. E. Valentine, N. Gantt, S. L. Karman, K. H. Kingsley, M. T. Wahl, K. L. Reproducibility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry for replicate bacterial culture analysis. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1999,13,1585-1585. 

Question What is the form taken by a replicating bacterial chromosome (circular DNA molecule) ... 

The replicating bacterial chromosome remains in a closed form, with a portion of its length duplicated and joined to the rest of the DNA at replication forks (Fig. 16-2). 

Question The replicating bacterial chromosome shown in Fig. 16-2 contains two forks. Are both of these replication forks ... 

A replicating bacterial chromosome exists as a so-called 9 structure (because of its appearance in electron micrographs and diagrammatically), in which the upper closed section represents the duplicated portion, or replication bubble. Why is there now an origin of replication situated at the middle of each arm of the bubble ... 

Endospores contain a newly replicated bacterial chromosome and a small portion of cytoplasm inside a double-layered membrane, all enclosed within a thick spore coat of protein (Fignre 6.15.3). This coat makes the endospore resistant to many harsh chemicals (Tortora et al., 2001). Most of the water present in the endospore is eliminated, and endospores do not carry out metabolic reactions. 

Gibson, D. G., et al. Reation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome. Science Express (May 20, 2010). Announces the creation of a self-replicating bacterial cell governed by a synthetic genome. 

Disruption of these defense mechanisms can lead to bacterial colonization or viral infection. Mucus temperature is important in controlling respiratory infections because decreasing below central body core temperature not only impairs ciliary movement,hut also enhances viral replication,- greatly increasing the likelihood of respiratory infection. Drying of airway mucus also increases the possibility of respiratory infection by reducing mucus thickness and impairing mucociliary clearance, i- i--... 

Compared to bacterial cells, which are identical within a given cell type (except for O antigen variations), animal cells display a wondrous diversity of structure, constitution, and function. Although each animal cell contains, in its genetic material, the instructions to replicate the entire organism, each differentiated... 

Bacterial cells may harbor one or many copies of a particular plasmid, depending on the nature of the plasmid replicator. That is, plasmids are classified as high copy number or low copy number. The copy number of most genetically engineered plasmids is high (200 or so), but some are lower. 

These agents profoundly prevent production of bacterial nucleic acids and inhibit genetic replication. 

The chromosomes of Escherichia coli and other bacteria are single, double-stranded DNA molecules with a total length of more than 1,000 pm. Relaxed DNA exists as a helical molecule, with one full turn of the helix occurring approximately every 10.4 base pairs. This molecule must undergo several folding and compaction steps to fit into an E. coli cell which is only 1-3 pm long. Despite this enormous compaction, bacterial DNA must be accessible for the bacterial enzymes that catalize DNA replication and transcription... 

As a result of its high concentration in die urine, nalidixic acid appears to act by interfering widi bacterial multiplication by interfering with the replication of... 

Bacterial plasmids are small, circular, duplex DNA molecules whose natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell. Plasmids have several properties that make them extremely useful as cloning vectors. They exist as single or multiple copies within the bacterium and replicate independently from the bacterial DNA. The complete DNA sequence of many plasmids is known hence, the precise location of restriction enzyme... 

The long incubation times of many human virus diseases indicate that they replicate slowly in host cells. In tissue culture systems it has been shown that most human viruses take from 4 to 24 hours to complete a single replication cycle, contrasting with the 30 or so minutes for many bacterial viruses. 

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