Bacteria eradication

The goals of treatment for ABRS are to eradicate bacteria and prevent serious sequelae. Specific aims are to relieve symptoms, normalize the nasal environment, use antibiotics when appropriate, select effective antibiotics that minimize resistance, and prevent development of chronic disease or complications. 

Physical methods for the control of microbial biofilms, although often effective, are in many situations impractical. In this context it is notable that an almost universal feature of the biofilm mode of growth is their profound resistance to antibacterial compounds. Conventional chemical control methods, developed for use against fastgrowing planktonic cultures are only poorly effective against biofilm bacteria. Large doses of biocide or antibiotics, which are either environmentally undesirable or above toxic thresholds respectively, are required to eradicate biofilms in industry and medicine. 

The ability to eradicate bacteria from the urinary tract is directly related to the sensitivity of the organism and the achievable concentration of the antimicrobial agent in the urine. 

Thomson SV (1996) Solarization of pear and apple trees to eradicate bacteria in fire blight cankers. Acta Hort (ISHS) 411 337-340... 

Although host defense peptide resistance has remained rare within microbes, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for clinical applications of peptides to provoke peptide-resistant phenotypes. Indeed, the introduction of antibiotics as novel microbial eradicators was met almost instantaneously with bacteria that had manifested various forms of resistance. Thus, precautions should be taken with potential therapeutic application of host defense peptides to minimize similar resistance as seen with antibiotics. Many bacterial species rely on the use of two-component sensory systems to invoke phenotypes that increase virulence and recently one such system, the Salmonella PhoPQ system, has been demonstrated to respond directly to host defense peptides. ... 

For keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH) both antibody responses and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions can be determined [43—45]. In addition several infectious models, including bacterial, viral and parasitic infections may be used to challenge the immune system [18,46]. As survival and eradication of the infections is the primary function of the immune system, these models provide direct information on the functional status of the immune system. Direct immunotoxic compounds will induce immunosuppression and thus an increase in infection rate and/or severity of the infection. The number of infectious agents (bacteria, parasites, or viral colonyforming units), increased morbidity and mortality are indications for an immunotoxic effect. Also a reduction in specific antibody levels in animals treated with the test compound compared to nontreated controls indicates immunosuppression. 

MB also demonstrated very wide photosensitizing activity (Peloi et ah, 2008 Prates et ah, 2009). It was reported to be effective against bacteria and fungi. A methylene blue based PDT was shown to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa both in planktonic and biofilm cultures (Street et ah, 2009). 

For many years the preferred approach to immunity to infectious disease lias been by development of active immunity through the injection of a vaccine. The vaccine may be either an attenuated live infections agent, or an inactivated or killed product. In either case, protective substances called antibodies are generated in the bloodstream these, are described in the next section. Vaccines for a number of diseases have been available for many years and have assisted in the eradication of some diseases, such as smallpox. As new strains of bacteria and viruses are discovered, additional vaccines becomes available from time to time. See also Vaccine Technology,... 

Neither the mechanisms of the host defence for eradication of challenging Salmonella bacteria, nor the relative importance of the host defence against the various Individual surface components of the bacterial cell envelope are well understood. Since, as was stated above, the O-antlgenic polysaccharide chains apparently play an important role in eliciting an effective host defence of either humoral or cellular nature, we have used the various saccharides described earlier for studies of this problem. 

There may be many reasons why administering silver suspended in solution would enhance an individual s health. It is possible that such a solution operates to inhibit the growth of bacteria, vimses, and other unwanted organisms, as well as eradicating such existing bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. It is also possible that a solution of silver can have an anti-inflammatory effect, sufficient to reduce symptoms of asthma. 

Vaccination has proved to be one of the most useful scientific developments in the control and eradication of human disease. Early vaccines were based on whole-organism preparations, or on protein toxins isolated from different bacteria and, although these methods... 

A repeat urine culture should be done at approximately 7 days after the completion of treatment to confirm eradication of the bacteria has been achieved. 

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