Babassu kernels

The various palm kernels, such as oil palm or African palm, babassu, and cohune, are a special class of oilseeds, because they are large and are surrounded by a hard, thick shell. As a result of low-cost labor in the producing regions, the large size of the nuts, and the refractory nature of the shells, these nuts are often cracked and the kernels separated by hand. The entire production of Brazilian babassu kernels, amounting in some seasons to over 72.6 Mg (80,000 short tons), once was deshelled by hand. 

Includes babassu kernel, shea and illipe nut oils. 

As mentioned earlier, oilseed samples representative of commercial vegetable oil production were obtained from the main production areas, worldwide. Hand-picked specimens, botanical curiosities and experimental agricultural strains were avoided as far as possible. Table 8.1 lists the number of samples obtained for each oilseed type and the number of geographical harvest regions sampled in each case. The first item in the table, babassu kernel oil, was of minor importance, only five samples being analysed. However, it is a potential impurity in palm kernel and coconut oils and partly for this reason it was considered important to establish its chemical characteristics. In addition, the Codex Alimentarius Commission Fats and Oils Committee has issued a specification for babassu kernel oil and MAFF asked us to check the criteria published in this Codex specification. 

Includes palm kernel and babassu. IV = Iodine value. 

Groundnut, copra, palm kernel, cotton seed, babassu, maize, and products derived from 0.02... 

Fatty acid Arachis oil Babassu oil Coconut oil Cottonseed oil Grapeseed oil Maize oil Mustardseed oil Palm oil Palm kernel oil Palm olein... 

Coconut oil belongs to unique group of vegetable oils called lauric oils. The most abundant fatty acid in this group is lauric acid, CH3(CH2)ioCOOH. Other sources of lauric oils are palm kernel, babassu, cohune, and cuphea. 

Coconut oil is commercially a major source of lauric acid. Together with pahn kernel oil and, to a small extent, babassu oil, it belongs to the so-called lauric oils, which are characterized by their high lauric oil content of approximately 50%. 

The most widely distributed naturally occurring saturated FAs are lauric (C14 0), palmitic (C16 0), and stearic (C18 0) acids. The richest common sources of lauric acid are coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and babassu butter, which contain at least 40% of this acid. Palmitic acid is a major component of palm oil (45-50%) and lard and tallow (25-30%) (Tables 6.1 and 6.2). Stearic acid can be manufactured by hydrogenation of FAs. 

Fatty Acid Coconut Oil Palm Kernel Oil Babassu Oil... 

Together with palm kernel oil and babassu oil, coconut oil forms the group of important laurie oils. They eontain >40% of lauric acid and ca. 15% of... 

Like coconut, palm kernel and babassu, many species from the genus Cuphea have potential as sources of medium-chain triglycerides. These plants are native to the New World, from southern USA to northern South America. Most are herbaceous annuals that will grow in many locations. Table 9.1.4 illustrates the diversity in fatty acid composition available in Cuphea germplasm. 

Fig. 1. Trends in production of major fats and oils—world basis. (Data from Table I.) Animal fats (butter, lard, tallow, and greases) palm oils (coconut, palm kernel, palm, babassu) industrial oils (linseed, castor, oiticica, tung, olive residue).

PCA glyceryl oleate Peach (Prunus persica) kernel oil Peanut (Arachls hypogaea) oil Peanut oil PEG-6 esters PEG-42 babassu glycerides... 

Palm Palm kernel Grape- seed Babassu... 

You are to synthesize the ethyl ester of lauric add in Experiment [8A]. Laurie acid, CH3(CH2)ioC02H (dodecanoic acid), is one of the four most common fatty acids found in naturally occurring triglycerides. It is named for the laurel botanical family from which it was first isolated in 1842. It is the most abundant of the fatty acids isolated from the vegetable oils of palm kernel oil (52%), the seed fat of Elaeis guineensis of coconut oil (48%), Cocos nucifera and of babassu oil (A6%), Attalea funifera. 

Attalea colenda grows on well drained soil in the hilly country of W. Ecuador, S.W. Colombia and into Peru. It is related to the Babassu palm. The kernel is difficult to extract, the fruit consists of 49% meso-carp, 32% endocarp and 19% endosperm. The kernels average weight is 3.94 g and contain 56.9% oil on a dry basis (Blicher-Mathieson and Balslev, 1990). Each palm produces 3-4 fruit bunches annually weighing on average 10.7 kg (range 7-16 kg) and containing 3500-7000 fruits. It is calculated that at 50 trees/ha, 0.35-3.2 tonnes of oil per year would be produced. 

Babassu oil has intermittently been an item of international commerce, trade statistics indicating volumes of 10000-20000 tonnes however, the low proportion of kernels in the fruit and the extreme hardness of the shell have been major obstacles to efficient exploitation. It is considered that productivity would be greatly increased at lower plant densities than those found naturally. The kernel oil has a chemical composition intermediate between coconut and palm kernel oils and similar physical behaviour. Pollitt (1977) concluded that babassu oil would be a suitable alternative to these oils in a number of food applications. 

Palm kernel oil is obtained from the kernels of the fruit of the oil palm. The kernels are separated from the fruit pulp, then removed from the stone shells and dried prior to recovery of the oil. Babassu oil is obtained from seeds of the babassu palm, which is native to Brazil. This oil is rarely found on the world market and is mainly consumed in Brazil. 

Fatty acid Coconut oll Palm kernel oil Babassu oil Palm 011 Palmolein Palmstearin... 

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