B lymphocyte receptor

The B lymphocyte receptor for antigen is important in the first line of defense against infection by microorganisms. 

Late antibodies Mucosa-protecting antibodies Early antibodies B-lymphocyte receptors Reagins... 

It is now possible to identify T-cell epitopes, which are recognized by receptor complexes on the T-lymphocyte surface, in addition to the B-cell epitopes recognized by antibodies (which are also the B-lymphocyte receptors). T-cells are stimulated by small peptide fragments of antigens produced by intracellular proteolytic processing, so problems of conformation do not arise, and syn-... 

LCA/leukocyte common antigen tyrosine phosphatase that reinforces T and B lymphocyte receptor signaling... 

An antigen is a molecule recognised by specific receptors on cells of the immune system such as B lymphocytes. 

The hallmark of T- and B-lymphocytes is that each single lymphocyte expresses antigen receptors of a single specificity that was created randomly during the development of that individual lymphocyte. This is achieved mainly by sequential genetic rearrangement... 

This hot antibody is linked to yttrium and binds to the CD20 receptor of B lymphocytes (see Rituximab below). Hematologic toxicity may occur several weeks after administration and may take weeks to resolve. 

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody to the CD20 receptor expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes the presence of the antibody is determined during flow cytometry of the tumor cells. Cell death results from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetics of rituximab are best described by a two-compartment model, with a terminal half-life of 76 hours after the first infusion and a terminal half-life of 205 hours after the fourth dose.36 Rituximab has shown clinical activity in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas that are CD20+. Side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, hypotension, fevers, chills, rash, headache, and mild nausea and vomiting. 

Loetscher M, Loetscher P, Brass N, Meese E, Moser B. Lymphocyte-specific chemokine receptor CXCR3 regulation, chemokine binding and gene localization. Eur J Immunol 1998 28(ll) 3696-3705. 

In addition to the classical stress hormones already reviewed, several other hormones are augmented in response to stress. Stress-induced prolactin release is one of the most frequently studied examples. There is no doubt about the causal relationship between stress and increased pituitary prolactin release, but the biological meaning is much less clear (G2). This phylogenetically old hormone has been shown to have more than 85 different functions in all vertebrate species. However, besides its role in the induction of maternal lactogenesis, the physiological importance of prolactin is at present not fully established. Experimental and clinical evidence supports the view that prolactin is also an immunoregulating hormone (M44, R18). Prolactin receptors are present on human T and B lymphocytes (R18), and T lymphocytes depend on prolactin for maintenance of immunocompetence (B19). In addition, it has been shown that prolactin is able to influence the devel-... 

The CB2 receptor has a more limited distribution, being localized predominantly in the immune system. Among the human leukocytes, B lymphocytes express the highest levels of CB2, followed respectively by natural killer cells, monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, T8 lymphocytes, and T4 lymphocytes. It is also found in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus (Cabral, 1999). 

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