B cell receptor

Idiotypic network. Idiotypic determinants (idiotypes) are unique antigenic epitopes characteristic of the antigen receptors on the surface of T and B cells. They are associated with the variable regions of these receptors. Antibodies produced by B cells as the result of antigenic stimulation can themselves stimulate the production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies which have the ability to combine with the B-cell receptor (Ig) and thus can dampen down the immune response. Idiotypes may likewise stimulate the production of T cells specific for idiotypic determinants. Jerne (1974) postulated his... 

Another difficulty is that a peptide may be able to bind to an existing neutralizing monoclonal antibody by an induced-fit mechanism that is somehow driven by the pre-existing structure of the antibody paratope. However, the same induced-fit process may not take place when the peptide is used as the immunogen and is confronted in the host by a large population of B cell receptors allowing a variety of other interactions. 

Kasprowicz, DJ. et ah, Stimulation of the B cell receptor, CD86 (B7-2), and the P2-ad-renergic receptor intrinsically modulates the level of IgGl and IgE produced per B cell, J. Immunol., 165, 680, 2000. 

B-cell receptor a protein receptor on the surface of B cells that has the ability to bind antigens. 

Before details of the structure are given, two important general points about the structure must be emphasised, (a) The B-cell receptor for the antigen shares the same structure as the antibody, (b) Although there are a massive number of different antibodies, the basic structure is the same the variation between the antibodies lies in a small portion of the molecule, the variable region. 

As with the B-cell receptor, that for the T-cell is present in the plasma membrane but the two receptors differ in several ways ... 

Variations in the strnctnre of the variable region of the molecnle are achieved by the same mechanisms as for the B-cell receptor, with the exception of endogenous mutations, which do not occur, i.e. variation is produced by processes (i), (ii) and (iii) mechanisms described above. 

Herishanu Y, Perez-Galan P, Liu D et al (2011) The lymph node microenvironment promotes B-cell receptor signaling. NF-kappaB activation, and tumor proliferation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 117 563-574... 

McCaig AM, Cosimo E, Leach MT et al (2011) Dasatinib inhibits B cell receptor signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia but novel combination approaches are required to overcome additional pro-survival microenvironmental signals. Br J Haematol 153(2) 199-211... 

Rodig SJ, Rutok IL, Paterson IC et al (2010) The pre-B-cell receptor associated protein VpreBS is a useful diagnostic marker for identifying c-MYC translocated lymphomas. Haematologica 95 2056-2062... 

The B cell goes through several stages of development, beginning with the Pro-B cell, followed by the Pre-B cell, which in turn matures into a B cell bearing a mature immunoglobulin-M (IgM) B cell receptor on the cell surface. The population of... 

B cell-receptor genes totally compromised. Thus in Omenn s syndrome, where there is a mutation in the RAG 1 or RAG 2 gene, there is a partial rearrangement of receptor genes (115). Omenn s syndrome is characterized by increased IgE levels and eosinophilia due to abnormal activated oligoclonal Th2 helper T cells requiring bone marrow transplantation (105). 

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