B-cell lysis

Conditions which can affect the immune system and cause it to malfunction are Cushing s disease (caused by excess steroid production or treatment - T and B cell lysis), Hodgkin s disease (cancer of the lymph nodes - whole body T cell deficiency), Bruton s disease (B cell deficiency -susceptibility to infection), and, of course, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). 

Fig. 3 Design of the lab on a chip for detection of nerve agent in blood (a) nerve gas regeneration reactor (b) cell lysis and filtering (c) removal of fluoride ions (d) inhibition reactor, (e) optical detection...

The primary function of the B lymphocytes is to produce antibodies, which are molecules that identify and lead to the destruction of foreign substances such as bacteria. The B lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce are responsible for humoral immunity. T lymphocytes provide immunity against viruses and cancer cells. These lymphocytes directly attack and destroy their targets by forming holes in the target cell membrane, causing cell lysis. The T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. 

Rituximab -monoclonal antibody to CD20 (B-cell surface antigen) -fever, chills, malaise -nausea, vomiting -flushing -bronchospasm, angioedema, urticaria -rhinitis -pain at disease sites -tumor lysis syndrome may occur in patients with high peripheral lymphocyte count... 

II cytolytic Cell-associated Clonal expansion B cells IgM, IgG generated. Ig binds to cell bound antigen in the presence of complement and/or activated macrophages cell lysis occurs Rh factor incompatability, hemolytic anemeia in reaction to drugs... 

Golay J, Zaffaroni L, Vaccari T et al. Biologic response of B lymphoma cells to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro CD55 and CD59 regulate complement-mediated cell lysis. Blood 2000 95 3900-3908. 

Gruber, M Schodin, B A., Wilson, E. R., and Kranz, D. M. (1994) Efficient tumor cell lysis mediated by a bispecific single-chain antibody expressed in Escherichia colt J Immunol. 152, 5368—5374. 

B-PER cell lysis reagent Undiluted Diluted 1 2 Not tested... 

HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ cells. After HIV becomes integrated into the genome of the CD4+ cells, activation of these cells results in the replication of virus, which causes lysis of the host cells. Patients infected with HIV, and with AIDS, generally have reduced numbers of helper T cells and the CD4 CD8 ratio may be as low as 0.5 1 instead of the normal 2 1. As a consequence, very little IL-2 is available to support the growth and proliferation of CD4+ cells despite the presence of effector cells, B cells and cytolytic T cells. 

Fig. 2.2. Clinical manufacturing processes. (A) Upstream processes include raw materials qualification, cell expansion, transfection, and harvesting. (B) Downstream processes include cell lysis and clarification, chromatography, and filtering, vialing, and storage. Recoveries are indicated for each step.

The three-step mechanism of serine enzyme action is usually described as in Equation (1) . Even though the enzyme is recovered in the end, the deacylation step remains slow enough to lead to inhibition of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, resulting ultimately in cell lysis by activation of endogenous autolytic mechanisms . 

---