Automotive waste

Regs - regulated under specific provision of solid waste or other laws (e.g., automotive wastes) Law - scrap tire law passed... 

COSTS OF LANDFILLING AUTOMOTIVE WASTE TIRES IN THE UNITED STATES (In dollars per ton or cents per tire) 1/... 

BASF teamed with Philip Services to open the first facility in North America for recycling rigid and semirigid polyurethane in 1997. This plant used a BASF-patented glycolysis process and was designed first for automotive waste, with the intention to expand to other waste streams.However, the facility appears to be no longer in operation. 

Lucht H, et al.. Plastic separation of automotive waste by superfast near-infrared sensors. Global plastics environmental conference proceedings 2002. 

The thermal degradation of mixtures of the common automotive plastics polypropylene, ABS, PVC, and polyurethane can produce low molecular weight chemicals (57). Composition of the blend affected reaction rates. Sequential thermolysis and gasification of commingled plastics found in other waste streams to produce a syngas containing primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been reported (58). 

S. Chansky and co-workers. Waste Automotive Euhricating Oil Reuse as a Fuel, ReportNo. EPA-600/5-74-032, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1974. 

In consumer appHcations, titanium is used in golf club heads, jewelry, eyeglass frames, and watches. The Japanese have promoted the use of titanium in roofing and monuments. Other appHcation areas include nuclear-waste storage canisters, pacemaker castings, medical implants, high performance automotive appHcations, and ordnance armor. 

Cadmium. In 1989, U.S. consumption of cadmium for coatings was 1474 t (7), compared to 1552 t in 1970, 2089 t in 1979, and 1230 t in 1985. Cadmium plating amounts to about 15% of total cadmium production (see Cadmiumand cadmium alloys). Of the cadmium being plated in 1989, 30% was for automotive parts, over 22% for electronics, and 18% for industrial fasteners. Because of cadmium s high and weU-pubHcized toxicity and very tight waste restrictions, there are considerable efforts to develop alternative materials, and the quantities of cadmium used in electroplating ate expected to decrease. The price of cadmium anodes in early 1993 was about l/kg. 

The requirements of the automotive industry are more demanding than some other industries. Automotive products have to be safe, reliable, and maintainable, protect the occupants, and have minimal impact on the environment in their manufacture, use, and disposal. The automotive sector is a very competitive market and as a consequence costs have to be optimized. There is little margin for excessive variation, as variation causes waste and waste costs money and time. Therefore several methods have evolved to reduce variation. Among them are SPC, FMEA, MSA, and many other techniques The automotive industry believes that the more their suppliers adopt such variation reduction techniques the more likely it will be that the resultant product will be brought to the market more quickly and its production process be more efficient. 

Typical dimensions for the /5-alumina electrolyte tube are 380 mm long, with an outer diameter of 28 mm, and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. A typical battery for automotive power might contain 980 of such cells (20 modules each of 49 cells) and have an open-circuit voltage of lOOV. Capacity exceeds. 50 kWh. The cells operate at an optimum temperature of 300-350°C (to ensure that the sodium polysulfides remain molten and that the /5-alumina solid electrolyte has an adequate Na" " ion conductivity). This means that the cells must be thermally insulated to reduce wasteful loss of heat atjd to maintain the electrodes molten even when not in operation. Such a system is about one-fifth of the weight of an equivalent lead-acid traction battery and has a similar life ( 1000 cycles). 

Alternative proeesses for the reeyeling of fibre-reinforeed plastie (FRP), and their applieation in Japan, are briefly reviewed. Pulverised waste has been used in plastie mouldings for automotive applieations, and in eement roof tiles. FRP may be burned in ineinerators and used to heat water, or as an additive to eement kilns, where the resin aets as a fuel and the glass and filler beeome eement raw materials. Pyrolysis, in eonjunetion with metal eatalysts, has been used to reduee the waste to oils or gases, and treatment with steam or supereritieal water has also been sueeessfully applied. 26 refs. 

The results of studies are discussed into the co-combustion of plastics with respect to the recycling of scrap plastics from the building, packaging, automotive, electrical and electronic industries. Tests were carried out by APME on plastic waste from these end-use industries in a typical large scale EfW facility with respect to operational and environmental problems. 

RECOVERY OF VALUABLE CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS FROM WASTE AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS VIA PYROLYSIS PROCESSES... 

MIXED COMBUSTION OF AUTOMOTIVE SHREDDER RESIDUES WITH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE A SOUND ROUTE TO ENERGY RECOVERY FROM END OF LIFE VEHICLES... 

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