Automobile industry systems

Air Pollution Control Device Meehanism or equipment that eleans emissions generated by a source (e.g., an incinerator, industrial smokestack or an automobile exhaust system) by removing pollutants that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere. 

In standard internal combustion engine drive trains, about 60% of the added value results from the vehicle industry. This share may be reduced to only 10% for fuel-cell drive trains if the outsourcing potential is fully exploited. This shift is because the components of the fuel-cell propulsion system are not suited to current production structures in the automobile industry. Therefore, it can initially be assumed that they will be manufactured by other sectors. However, if there is a breakthrough of fuel cells, it is possible that the automobile industry will start to manufacture many of the components that are assigned to other sectors in Figure 13.13. 

Dr Frank Marscheider-Weidemann is a technical chemist and manages the business unit Fuel cells at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Karlsruhe. His work includes technical and socioeconomic analyses. One example is the assessment of fuel cell technology impacts on tradesmen, the automobile industry and other industrial sectors. 

At this point, it is important to consider the automobile industry, which is the world s biggest commercial client for gasoline (the current, most common energy storage system). 

A unique two-coat, topcoat system is used in the automobile industry. A basccoat is applied to a primed surface to provide opacity, color, and a metallic appearance, while the clearcoat provides gloss mid a miiioilike finish (referred to as distinctness of image). 

Header systems with manual or automatic dispensing valves have been designed to carry adhesives and sealants over long distances within the plant. Distances of as much as 300 ft are not uncommon with drops at points of application. Figure 17.7 shows a modular header system. Adhesives and sealants are nearly ideal materials for application by robots. Robotic application is commonly used in the automobile industry to increase quality and to reduce labor and material cost.7,8... 

Industrial applications of corrosion inhibitors are too numerous to cover in the present context. The inhibitor industry amounts to several billion dollars annually. Applications of inhibitors in petroleum production, oil and gas wells and pipelines, potable water, water cooling towers, acid systems, automobile antifreeze systems, paints, boiler waters,... 

Low modulus elastomers are materials that have found wide use in the automobile industry for fascia, bumper covers, and trim parts. Other applications include integral window seals and a wide variety of applications where it is replacing molded rubber. Most of these materials are not pure polyurethane, but polyurethane/polyurea hybrids with improved processing and properties when compared with the earlier allurethane systems. 

NASA s mistake refueled the controversy over whether Congress should require the United States to switch to the metric system. About 95% of the world now uses the metric system, and the United States is slowly switching from English to metric. For example, the automobile industry has adopted metric fasteners and we buy our soda in two-liter bottles. 

The electrostatic spraying is a technique designed for the automatic or semiautomatic coating of articles on a conveyer system. The atomized paint is attracted to the conductive object to be painted by an electrostatic potential between the two. This process now finds widespread use in the automobile industry. Several car producers have installed fully automated electrostatic multiple gun systems capable of applying high solid and water-based coatings. 

ABE (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) fermentation has a long history of commercial use and perhaps the greatest potential for an industrial comeback. Acetone, butanol, and ethanol can all be isolated from this remarkable metabolic system carbon dioxide and hydrogen are additional products. The solvents were used as paint solvents in the expanding automobile industry. Ultimately these processes proved uncompetitive because of poor yields, low product... 

The PEM fuel cell is the leading alternative for building-integrated applications, where multi-functionality would allow current natural gas burners to be replaced by combined heat-and-power systems, possibly with the additional option of supplying hydrogen to a one-vehicle filling station. One may think that if the automobile industry is successful in developing a viable... 

The Li batteries have recently received much attention from automobile industries thanks to their characteristics of light weight and good specific power however, the lower costs of Ni-MH batteries, together with their demonstrated durability and reliability performance, could retard the application of Li ion systems [33]. 

The chemist in the automobile industry may be called upon not only for the manufacture of these compounds but also for the analysis in order to maintain the proper concentration of the compound. The detection in an HPLC system is most widely accomplished by UV-visible detectors. Most compounds used in production chemicals have chromophores that are detectable in the UV region. Table 2.6 shows molar absorption values for common functional groups [5], Care must be taken that the solvent used in the analysis is invisible to the analysis. As can be seen from Table 2.6, typical detection range is 180-210 nm. A chromophore is the region between two different molecular orbitals and will absorb UV light due to the conjugated system of electrons or to a metal complex bound to a transition metal to a ligand. 

Electrophoretic deposition is used extensively in the automobile industry to form undercoats on car bodies and in many other applications. The successful application of electrophoretic deposition relies on choosing the correct environment, particle size, and system chemistry to achieve coatings of the desired properties. Of critical importance is the ability to determine and control surface charge and the structure of the electrical double layer. 

Within the last few decades the automobile industry has undergone a revolution in overall vehicle reliability. With the large number of components and the number of potential failure modes, it has become necessary for a component to provide six-sigma (99.9999%) reliabiUty over its operational life (now assumed to be ten years or 240,000 km/150,000 miles), in order to satisfy customer expectations. Current production automotive batteries do not perform to this standard of course, but it is expected that pressure will come to bear on the industry to perform to this level in years to come. In some respect this may be achievable experience with the first generation Ni-MH traction battery cells in severe electric vehicle (EV) usage has demonstrated less than 25 ppm failures after three years of serviee [2]. In order to achieve this level of performance, however, a close partnership is essential between vehicle sub-systems as the life of the battery is intrinsically entwined with the engine, climate control, and battery charge systems. 

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