Cleaning, automatic

Fig. 11. Modem fermenting tank with conical bottom CIP (cleaning-in-place) = automatic cleaning system.

Automatic Continuous automatic cleaning, w ithout total flow interruption. 

Ojiitinuous Continuous automatic cleaning and maintenance possible, without total flow interruption. 

The determining factor in the frequency of cleaning is the pressure drop. A differential-pressure switch can serve as the actuator in automatic cleaning applications. Cyclone pre-cleaners are sometimes used to reduce the dust load on the filter or to remove large particles before they enter the bag. 

User maintenance includes operation where not automatic, cleaning of filters and strainers, attention to oil and lubricant levels, belt tensioning, general cleaning, running standby equipment, and verification of control operation. 

Sadowski, J., Buning, C., Rarey, M., and CiAUEEN, H. An automatic clean-up procedure for protein-ligand complexes from the PDB. European QSAR Meeting, Bournemouth, UK, 2002. 

System installation in a permanent location may require a sample conditioning system featuring some degree of automation, such as automatic cleaning (the system illustrated above features such a system) and outlier sample collection and the need to interface to an existing control system process computer. The latter may require that the system operates with a standardized communications protocol, such as Modbus, for the chemical industry. Certain specialized industries use different protocols, such as the semiconductor industry, which uses SECS and SEC-11 protocols. A standardized approach designated the Universal Fieldbus is another method/protocol for process analyzers which is being supported by certain hardware manufacturers. 

The general text in the main part of these guidelines may be applicable to validation and qualification of premises, equipment, utilities and systems, and processes and procedures. More specific principles of qualification and validation are addressed in the appendices. Semi-automatic or fully automatic clean-in-place (CIP) systems and other special cases should be treated separately. 

Normally only procedures for the cleaning of surfaces of the equipment that come into contact with the product need to be validated. Consideration should be given to non-contact parts of the equipment into which product or any process material may migrate. Critical areas should be identified (independently from method of cleaning), particularly in large systems employing semi-automatic or frilly automatic clean-in-place systems. 

Critical areas, i.e. those hardest to clean, should be identified, particularly in large systems that employ semi-automatic or fully automatic clean-in-place systems. 

Whitestone did evaluate many alternatives prior to choosing RO. They decided to use RO because the initial cost was low, maintenance requirements were low and operator attention was minimal compared to the alternatives. Whitestone also calculated that the operating costs, both in manpower needs and in actual chemicals and membrane replacement, was less than other alternatives. Since the RO system would be operating on biologically active materials it was decided that cleaning every 8 hours would be appropriate. Therefore, an automatic Clean-In-Place (CIP) system was developed and installed with the RO unit. There is typically a 1 01 reduction in permeate rate due to fouling prior to the time that Whitestone cleans the RO unit. 

Fig. 6.2-23 CIP of fluid-bed granulation units a) principle of automatic cleaning,...

Fig. 6.2-23 CIP of fluid-bed granulation units a) principle of automatic cleaning, b) principle of washable pulse blow-back filters and view into the filter area of a unit, c) metal cartridge filter, d) hydraulically extendable washing nozzles (courtesy Clatt, Binzen, Germany)... 

The opening of the filter elements should be considerably (preferably at least 10 times) smaller than the distributor perforations (168, 237). The filter arrangement should include a spare filter in parallel and no bypass to ensm that one filter element is always on stream, (jrood filter maintenance and cleaning are essential automatically cleaning filters are sometimes used (75). 

From the physical point of view, the most important considerations are temperature, pressure, and sample cleanness. Suspended solids in liquid samples and dust in gas samples often interfere with transducers in continuous-sampling instruments and with the volumetric sampling techniques used in batch-sampling instruments. Automated systems that filter out solids should be amenable to automatic cleaning. In continuous instnunents, data output must be interrupted while the filters are cleaned in batch-sampling systems, filters can be cleaned during the deadtime after a sample has been injected for analysis. 

Kazimierczuk and co-workers apphed their semi-automatic CLEAN procedure to suppress artifacts in a randomly sampled N-labeled NOESY-HSQC spectrum of ubiquitin [60]. It was demonstrated that the process does not systematically influence relative peak amplitudes, and is therefore applicable to NOESY spectra. Similar conclusions were later drawn by Stanek and Kozmihski [85], and by Werner-AUen and co-workers [84], who compared their reconstructions with conventionally sampled three-dimensional spectra of the same spectral resolution. The algorithm proposed by Kazimierczuk and co-workers was later also applied to higher-dimensional experiments [80]. 

In 1991, BASF placed a central drum-cleaning plant in service. The next year, some 330 000 empty drums were cleaned in three automatic cleaning lines. The drums varied in size, material (plastic and steel), and design (open-head and tight-head). Two lines are run with water (with additives) and one with solvent [255]. 

A disadvantage of these automatic-cleaning units is the fact that only solder paste removal is possible. The main problem associated with cleaning the stencil underside of adhesive stencils is that it does not remove the adhesive from the stencil holes. This means that only the surface is cleaned, while the holes are untouched. Cleaning agents suitable for this application already exist. 

Continuous rope monitoring and semi-automatic cleaning and greasing systems are often requested. To date on the specific projects reviewed their use was not justified based on the cost, effort to maintain and benefit. 

Reduced beer losses Reduced losses of bitter substances Reduced risk of contamination Increased utilization of amino acids Improved cooling possibilities Effective automatic cleaning and sanitation Efficient CO2 collection and recovery Prolonged fllhng with subsequent brews (wort) can lead to inhomogeneity of the batch and deterioration of beer quality... 

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