Australian Group

Finally we note that our results differ from those reported by the Australian group (7), who measured F(D) between mica plates in an aqueous solution of a commercial resin of highly polydis-persed PEO. Their results indicated short- and long-time hysteret-ic effects as well as a continuous build up of adsorbed material (up to 1000 nm over 24 hrs.), and may be due to impurities in the sample they used (20). 

A systematic series of studies on the ECT of pig liver have appeared from the Australian group of Maddern et al. Electrolysis was investigated for generating areas of hepatic necrosis in the pig liver.88 The lesions healed with time and were associated with minimum morbidity. Further work on 21 pigs showed that during ECT of the liver tissue the electrolytic dose (in coulombs cm"3) correlated with the volume of liver necrosis.89 This group also established that in addition to the coulombic dose, pH could be used as a realtime monitor to predict more accurately the extent of necrosis. 

As indicated in a previous review (627) comparison of voltametric data on the M(R2Dtc) complexes is difficult for many cases because different solvents and reference electrodes have been used. Major, extensive studies have been reported by two groups. The Nijmegen group have reported studies in CH2C12 versus a saturated calomel electrode (480,602,604,609). The Australian group, on the other hand, reported electrochemical studies in acetone versus a AglAgCl, 0.lAf LiCl electrode (115,116, 309, 311,312, 313). 

A tabulation of some of the results obtained by the Australian group, Hendrickson, Martin, and co-workers, is presented in Table XXV. In this table are shown the potentials for the Bz2Dtc and Cx2Dtc complexes. These complexes show the greatest difference in electrochemical behavior and envelope the other R2Dtc complexes. 

Material of as yet unproven peptide nature was isolated from instant coffee powders by an Australian group prompted by the identification of opioid-active peptides in casein and gluten hydrolysates, and morphine in milk.<136,137) A product that bound to rat brain homogenates was found with characteristics of opioid antagonists (its binding ED50 value was little changed in the presence of Na+) and with an activity at 1.2 mg/ml equivalent to that of naloxone at 3.4nM(137)... 

The electrostatic model proposed by JW was later thoroughly analyzed in a series of works performed by the Swedish-Australian group (17-19), where exact formal treatment and approximate methods were used to solve the problem. The authors of these papers considered two electrostatic models. In the first model they investigated the interaction between two planar surfaces (separated by a distance h) with mobile ions adsorbed onto them (the net surface charge was zero). The surfaces were immersed in the dielectric continuum with the dielectric constant eP Behind each surface a different dielectric medium (with the dielectric constant e2) was placed. In the second model the mobile ions were replaced by mobile dipoles that were oriented perpendicular to the surfaces. In both models the motion of the particles was restricted to the well-defined plane. From the analytical treatment, which included images and correlations, the following asymptotic results for the pressure were obtained for the first model ... 

Crystal data11 and later the crystal structure12 of anhydrous sodium sulphamate H2NS03Na (2) has been reported by Indian workers. An Australian group have carried... 

Indicates that the nation is a member of the Australian Group (AG)... 

Even so, more than two decades later when Dwyer, Sargeson, and Reid showed that hydroxide rather than carbonate ion actually causes the inversion, the Australian group obtained inversion only with added silver ion. 

Rumen hydrogenation, which has been reviewed by Viviani, effects almost complete removal of dietary polyunsaturated acids from the depot and milk fats of ruminants. This may be undesirable from a human viewpoint because of increased interest in dietary polyunsaturated fat, and an Australian group have suggested how this depletion can be avoided. Linseed or safflower or sunflower oils are fed to the animals in capsules of formaldehyde-treated resins which resist breakdown in the rumen but are hydrolysed under the more acidic conditions of the abomasum. By this means the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk and depot fats can be raised from the 2—5% level to around 25—30%. This change requires only 24—48 hours for the milk fat but rather longer for the depot fat. ... 

An Australian group focused on the quantitative estimation of possible uptake and distribution patterns of C-radiolabeled multiwalled CNTs by Raman spectroscopic investigation. Only less than 0.005%o was taken up by roots of wheat and rapeseed [94]. In agreement with the previous study, Larue et al. only found higher intensities on the most peripheral area of the leaf. 

NMP [44-49], also known as stable free-radical-mediated polymerisation, is a type of CRP that makes use of an alkoxyamine/ nitroxide initiator to generate well-defined polymers with very low polydispersities. Historically, NMP is considered to be the pioneer for CRP, and a very easy CRP technology to implement. The advent of NMP following its successful implementation was the result of elegant work initiated by the Australian group of Rizzardo and... 

The Important developments came from two Australian groups ... 

The two Australian groups have merged their crystallographic, computational and NMR skills in a study of conformations of a Co(III) complex of ptn in crystal and solution. Such studies have not been common but should be encouraged. It is pertinent to remark that calculations are performed on molecules all alone in the world, as it were, and measurements either on crystals or on solutions usually with high ionic strength. 

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