AUergic reaction

Particulate Matter Other Phan Systemic Poisons. SUica and asbestos dust produce fibrosis. SUicon carbide, carbon (other than exhaust emissions), and emery are iuert dusts. Many organic dusts, eg, poUen, wood, and resius, cause aUergic reactions. Acids, alkaUes, fluorides, and chromates are irritants. 

Golembiewski JA. AUergic reactions to drugs implications for perioperative care.J Perianesth Nurs 2002 17 393-398. 

Goossens A. Contact aUergic reactions on the eyes and eyeUds. BuU Soc Beige Ophthalmol 2004 292 11-17. 

AUergic reactions (Ud swelling, conjunctivitis, localized angioneurotic edema, exfoliative dermatitis) myopia. 

Leitman SF, Boltansky H, Alter HJ, Pearson FC, Kaliner MA. AUergic reactions in healthy plateletpheresis donors caused by sensitization to ethylene oxide gas. N Engl J Med 1986 315(19) 1192-6. 

AUergic reactions to antimicrobials are frequent in patients with Sjogren s syndrome. They are especially susceptible to reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides, but reactions to macrolides and tetracyclines also seem to be over-represented in these patients (85). 

Severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions (tjrpe 1), sometimes accompanied by anaphylactic shock and circulatory collapse, have been described very rarely (1). AUergic reactions of the Arthus phenomenon type, characterized by local swelling and necrosis following less than 24 hours after immunization, have occurred in rare instances. Some of these cases have been fatal. 

Type I reaction— An immediate, IgE-mediated aUergic reaction. 

Patja A, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Davidkin I, Paunio M, Peltola H. AUergic reactions to measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Pediatrics 2001 107(2) E27. 

Urticaria can develop from a hypersensitivity to the ethylenediamine salt in aminophyUine. AUergic reactions may not become evident for 12-24 hours after initiation of treatment. 

Larko O, Lindstedt G, Lundberg PA, Mobacken H (1983) Biochemical and clinical studies in a case of contact urticaria to potato. Contact Dermatitis 9 108-114 Nater JP, Swartz JA (1967) Atopic aUergic reactions due to raw potato. J AUergy 40 202-205... 

Best characterized function Acute aUergic reaction Gastric acid secretion Modulation of neurotransmitters Immuno- modulation... 

Anderson J.A. AUergic reactions to foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36, Supplement 001,19-38 (1996). 

Many reports on allergy to Althesin (or perhaps to its solvent cremophor) have appeared, the most consistent symptoms being bronchospasm, hypotension and skin rash. Watt (50 ) administered Althesin to 3500 patients and found allergic reactions in 4 of them. AU these 4 patients had never experienced an allergic reaction before. Three of them had undergone a previous Althesin induction a few weeks earlier and the fourth had a propanidid induction. Unfortunately, no skin tests were performed in this latter case, as cremophor (which is also the solvent of propanidid) may have been responsible here. From this publication one must conclude that the incidence of aUergic reactions to Althesin is fairly high. More case reports on this matter have been published by Fisher (4 cases) and by Steel (1 case) (51C, 52C). 

The most frequent adverse effect associated with TTV is soreness at the injection site that lasts for less than 48 hours. TIV may cause fever and malaise in those who have not previously been exposed to the viral antigens in the vaccine. AUergic-type reactions (hives, systemic anaphylaxis) rarely occur after influenza vaccination and are likely a result of a reaction to residual egg protein in the vaccine. 

As with the penicillins, hypersensitivity reactions are the most common systemic adverse events caused by cephalosporins. Maculopapular rash, urticaria, fever, bron-chospasm,and anaphylaxis have been associated with the use of cephalosporins.Because the molecular structure of the penicillins and the first-generation cephalosporins are similar, there is a risk in patients who are aUergic to penicillin to manifest aUergic cross-reactions when prescribed any of this gronp of cephalosporins. In contrast, the risk of cross-reactivity between the penicUUns and the second-, third-, and fonrth-generation cephalosporins has been overestimated, and patients with a previons aUergic... 

Rashes or other aUergic-tjrpe cutaneous reactions are usually noted during the azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome. Isolated but convincing reports point to the occurrence of vasculitis with microscopic polyarteritis (SEDA-21, 381) and Sweet s syndrome, which recurred after subsequent azathioprine exposure (SEDA-22, 410). 

In another survey, the incidence of contrast media reactions after intravenous administration was evaluated over 14 years (25). The incidence of all reactions to contrast media was 6-8% with high-osmolar contrast media and only 0.2% with low-osmolar non-ionic agents. Most of the reactions (over 90%) were aUergic-like, and severe reactions were rare (0.05%). One death was reported after the use of a low-osmolar agent. These data are compatible with previous reports, which showed that low-osmolar contrast media have a much better safety profile than high-osmolar media and that there is no significant difference in the incidence of acute adverse reactions between non-ionic dimeric and monomeric contrast media. 

Delayed skin rashes have been noted in 5% of patients undergoing urography. AUergic-like skin reactions to intravascular contrast media can develop 24-96 hours after administration (204). 

Stem cell factor produces direct mast cell stimulation with subsequent aUergic-type reactions. Despite careful premedication with diphenhydramine, ranitidine, inhaled sal-butamol, and pseudoephedrine, such reactions were stiU observed in 3% of patients (3). 

Khanna M, Qasem K, Sasseville D. AUergic contact dermatitis to tea tree oil with erythema multi-forme-like id reaction. Am J Contact Dermatitis 2000 11(4) 238 2. 

Adverse reactions to tretinoin—snch as skin irritation, erythema, and peeling—will vary depending on individual skin type and dosage form used. AUergic contact dermatitis is rare and much less common than with BPO. Teratogenicity risk with topical retinoids remains controversial. 

In peniciUin-aUergic patients, oral or parenteral clindamycin may be used. Alternatively, a first-generation cephalosporin, such as cefazohn (1-2 g intravenously every 8 hours), may be used cautiously for patients who have not experienced immediate or anaphylactic penicitlin reactions and are negative for a penicillin skin test. In mild cases in which an oral cephalosporin can be nsed, ce-fadroxU 500 mg twice daily or cephalexin 250-500 mg four times daily is recommended. Other oral cephalosporins, such as cefaclor, cefprozil, and cefpodoxime proxetil, are also effective in the treatment of ceUnhtis bnt are considerably more expensive. In severe cases in which cephalosporins cannot be used because of documented methicihin-resistant staphylococci or severe /3-lactam allergies, vancomycin shonld be administered. 

Descotes J, Payen C, Vial T. Pseudo-aUergic drug reactions with special reference to direct histamine release. Perspect Exp Chn Immunotoxicol 2007 1 40-49. 

Sensitization to a particular allergenic protein capable of eliciting allergic reactions in subsequent exposures (i.e., some egg-aUergic individuals are sensitized and may react to one or more egg allergens), shown in Table 16.5. 

LachapeUe J-M (1997) A proposed relevance scoring system for positive aUergic patch test reactions practical implications and limitations. Contact Dermatitis 36 39-43... 

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