Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder causes

With the exception of Strattera, all of the stimulants approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder cause potentially... 

The exact cause of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is unknown, but dysfunction in neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine has been implicated as a key component. 

Law, S.F. and Schachar, R.J. (1999) Do typical clinical doses of meth-ylphenidate cause tics in children treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 944-951. 

The co-3 fatty acids have numerous important functions, especially in the brain. Accordingly, a deficiency of DHA and EPA may cause dysfunction of the central nervous system and probably also the retina, thereby resulting in impaired vision. In addition, there is a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders that have been associated with decreased levels of especially DHA and AA, such as, for example, schizophrenia and depression [3], post-traumatic stress syndrome, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Since no primary inherited defect of essential fatty acid interconversion has yet been described, no specific explanations for the essential fatty acid concentration changes are readily available. 

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) A mental disorder characterized by persistent impulsive behavior, difficulty concentrating, and hyperactivity that causes lowered social, academic, or occupational functioning. 

A 2001 study demonstrated a potential new therapeutic role for dextroamphetamine. The study indicated that it may help some stroke survivors recover faster from the stroke-caused speech disorder known as aphasia. Officially, however, amphetamine has been approved only for the treatment of narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obesity. 

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS IN SEARCH OF A CAUSE... 

One of the most controversial CNS-acting drugs in contemporary society is methylphenidate (Ritalin ). This drug is structurally related to amphetamine and is a mild stimulant that has abuse potential similar to amphetamine. Methylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance. It is effective in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Its use in ADHD has caused the greatest controversy. 

The Web site sounds innocent enough ADHDinfo.com. But it is sponsored by Novartis, the manufacturer of Ritalin. It opens with the question, What causes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children It answers, The exact cause of ADHD is not known. Scientists think that ADHD may be caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain that help to control behavior. So your hyperactive child does not need better discipline he needs a corrected biochemical imbalance. So your inattentive daughter does not need a more interesting classroom she, too, just needs to get those pesky chemicals corrected. 

A 7-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) developed acute hepatic failure, with features of autoimmune hepatitis (2). The only medications he had taken were pemoline (56 mg/day) and cjrproheptadine (2 mg/day). Pemoline was withdrawn after 8 months as the presumed cause of his raised transaminases. Two weeks later he developed an altered mental state, jaundice, and encephalopathy. The histological features of the liver and his autoimmune antibody panel were consistent with autoimmune hepatitis. He was treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine and recovered. 

The administration of ginseng has also been studied in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lyon et al., conducted a pilot study (n = 36) evaluating the effects of a combination product containing ginseng and ginkgo for the treatment of ADHD (44). The investigators reported improvement in 31-67% of the subjects depending on the outcome measure however, no placebo control was included, so it is difficult to ascertain if the effect was caused by the treatment or a placebo effect. 

What do Gulf War Syndrome, Katrina Cough, Aerospace Syndrome, and epidemic increases in the incidence of autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), birth defects, asthma, mailroom illness, spontaneous abortion, and many cancers have in common Each of these can be associated with a single causative agent, but each can also be associated with environmental exposure to chemical mixtures that do not contain any of the known causative agents. 

Exposures to developmental neurotoxins are believed to be responsible for the staggering numbers of affected children. In the United States, 5-10% of public school children have learning disabilities, up to 17% of children suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), approximately 1% of all children are mentally retarded and as many as 1 in 150 children born have autismJ5-6 Though some of these effects are genetically influenced, the available evidence suggests that environmental exposures and not genetics are the primary causes for these disorders. 5 ... 

Boris M, Mandel FS. Foods and additives are common causes of the attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children. Ann Allergy 1994 72(5) 462 8. 

Several medical, medication-induced, or substance-related causes of mania and depression have been identified (see Table 68-2 for causes of mania and Table 67-1 in Chap. 67 on depressive disorders for causes of depression). " A complete medical, psychiatric, and medication history physical examination and laboratory testing are necessary to rule out any organic causes of mania or depression. An accurate diagnosis is important because some psychiatric and neurologic disorders present with manic-like symptoms. For example, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a manic episode have similar characteristics thus individuals with bipolar disorder may be misdiagnosed and prescribed central nervous system stimulants. Use of any substance that affects the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol, antidepressants, caffeine, central nervous system stimulants, hallucinogens, or marijuana) can worsen symptoms and decrease the... 

Amphetamine Releases NE from mobile pool in nerve ending, causing increased NE activity— peripheral effects are those of sympathetic stimulation with reflex bradycardia. CNS actions include release of both NE and DA. Clinical uses include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), short-term weight loss, and narcolepsy (see CNS section). 

Roman MJ, Dinh A (2001) A 1,000-fold overdose of clonidine caused by a compounding error in a 5-year-old child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 108(2) 471-472... 

Yes, having excess dopamine in the brain doesn t simply make you even happier In fact, overstimulation causes the brain to malfunction, leading to conditions such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and restless leg syndrome. 

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