Atomic absorption determination

Zirconium is often deterniined gravimetrically. The most common procedure utilizes mandelic acid (81) which is fairly specific for zirconium plus hafnium. Other precipitants, including nine inorganic and 42 organic reagents, are Hsted in Reference 82. Volumetric procedures for zirconium, which also include hafnium as zirconium, are limited to either EDTA titrations (83) or indirect procedures (84). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy gives quantitative results for zirconium, without including hafnium, for concentrations from 0.1 to 50% (85). Atomic absorption determines zirconium in aluminum in the presence of hafnium at concentrations of 0.1—3% (86). 

THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACTANTS NATURE AND CONCENTRATION ON THE ANALYTICAL SIGNAL IN THE ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF LEAD, CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM... 

ATOMIC ABSORPTION DETERMINATION OF Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) USING PRECONCENTRATION BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION ON PROPYLTHIOETHYLEAMINE MODIFIED... 

Flameless Atomic Absorption Determination of Lead In Blood . Anal. Chem. (1973), 795-798. 

McIntyre, N. S., Cook M. G., and Boase, D. G. "Flameless Atomic Absorption Determination of Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper - A Comparison of Tantalum and Molybdenum Evaporation Surfaces". Anal. Chem. (1974), 46, 1983-1987. 

Spencer and Sachs [29] determined particulate aluminium in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry. The suspended matter was collected from seawater (at least 2 litres) on a 0.45 tm membrane filter, the filter was ashed, and the residue was heated to fumes with 2 ml concentrated hydrofluoric acid and one drop of concentrated sulfuric acid. This residue was dissolved in 2 ml 2 M hydrochloric acid and the solution was diluted to give an aluminium concentration in the range 5-50 pg/1. Atomic absorption determination was carried out with a nitrous oxide acetylene flame. The effects of calcium, iron, sodium, and sulfate alone and in combination on the aluminium absorption were studied. 

As cadmium is one of the most sensitive graphite furnace atomic absorption determinations, it is not surprising that this is the method of choice for the determination of cadmium in seawater. Earlier workers separated cadmium from the seawater salt matrix prior to analysis. Chelation and extraction [ 121— 128], ion exchange [113,124,125,129], and electrodeposition [130,131] have all been studied. 

Shen and Li [149] extracted rubidium (and caesium) from brine samples with 4-ferf-butyl-2-(o -methyl-benzyl) phenol prior to atomic absorption determination of the metal. 

There is a great deal of interest in the determination of lead, particularly micromethods applicable to the analysis blood lead in children. Consequently, reports continue to appear on the atomic absorption determination of lead in blood and urine. Ninety percent of blood lead is found in the erythrocytes and, therefore, whole blood is analyzed rather than serum or plasma. Berman etal. 134) have described a procedure for determining normal lead levels in which only 250 fd of blood are taken. The blood is deproteinized with 1 ml of 10 % trichloroacetic acid and then the lead is extracted with APDC into 1 ml of MIBK, at pH 3.5. 

Table 5. Atomic absorption determination of metals in other biological materials...

Schall192) recommended that the atomic absorption determination of magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, and copper in fertilizers should be adopted as official, first action. 

G. Zhang, J. Jinghua, H. Dexue and P. Xiang, Atomic absorption determination of traces of cadmium in urine after electrodeposition onto a tungsten wire, Talanta, 40(3), 1993, 409-413. 

Nicolson [139] has described a rapid thermal decomposition technique for the atomic absorption determination of mercury in soils. In this method, air is used to sweep mercury vapour from the heated (650-750 °C) sample onto gold foil. In the second stage, heating of the gold foil releases mercury vapour into a cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometer. 

The total sulfur content of the coal samples was determined by the Eschka method. The sulfate sulfur content of the test samples was determined by extraction of a one-gram sample with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by turbidimetric determination of sulfate (24). The pyritic sulfur content was determined by extraction of the weighed coal samples with 2N nitric acid followed by titrimetric or atomic absorption determination of iron in the extract. (25). 

L. Murthy, E. E. Menden, P. M. Eller, H. G. Petering, Atomic absorption determination of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in tissues solubilized by aqueous tetra-methylammonium hydroxide, Anal. Biochem., 53 (1973), 365D372. 

J. Korkisch, H. Krivanec, Atomic-absorption determination of vanadium and molybdenum in tap water and mineral waters after anion-exchange separation, Anal. Chim. 

Mercury and arsenic and selenium and the other metalloids all show poor sensitivity when determined by conventional flame AAS. Because of this, techniques have been developed for the determination of these elements involving a specialised method of atomisation of the analyte. In this way, the sensitivity of the atomic absorption determination has been increased. These methods are now standard routine techniques in water analysis and most atomic absorption spectrophotometer manufacturers market special accessories for the determination of mercury, arsenic and selenium. 

Through calibration and re-calibration techniques possible interelement effects or influences from the matrix can be largely eliminated. Because of its worldwide importance the introduction of standard methods by atomic absorption started first with iron ores [67] and refractories. The ISO/TC 102 is presently occupied with draft proposals for the atomic absorption determinations of Na/K Ca/Mg, Zn, V, Pb and Al. 

Flame atomic absorption determinations for both preparative cuts and raw and control samples of nickel and vanadium were made on 10-150-mg samples. The precision was 10% relative, as determined by replicate measurements on a series of samples, except for very low metal level samples (<10 ppm), where the precision was 20%. 

Mazzucotelli, A., Frache, R., Dadone, A., Baffi, F. Ion-exchange separation and atomic-absorption determination of fifteen major, minor and trace elements in silicates. Talanta 23, 879 (1976)... 

Atomic Absorption Determination. The precipitate is washed through the filter into a 25-ml filter flask with 20 ml of MEK-HNO3. This solution is then aspirated into the atomic absorption burner (we used a... 

Desaulniers JAH, Sturgeon RE, Berman SS (1985) Atomic absorption determination of trace metals in marine sediments and biological tissues using a stabilized temperature platform furnace. At Spectrosc 6 125-127... 

Figure 28F-3 Apparatus for cold-vapor atomic absorption determination of mercury.

In the atomic absorption determination of uranium, a linear relationship is found between the absorbance at 351.5 nm and the concentration in the range of 500 to 2000 ppm of U. At lower concentrations, the relationship becomes nonlinear unless about 2000 ppm of an alkali metal salt are introduced. Explain. 

Sturgeon R. E., Willie S. N. and Berman S. S. (1985) Hydride generation-atomic absorption determination of antimony in seawater with in-situ concentration in a graphite furnace, Anal Chem 57 2311—2314. 

Petit de Peiia, Y., GaUego, M., and Valcarcel, M. (1997). FuUerene a sensitive and selective sorbent for the continuous preconcentration and atomic absorption determination of cadmium. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc., 12, 453—7. 

Magos, L., and T.W. Clarkson. 1972. Atomic absorption determination of total, inorganic, and organic mercury in blood. J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 55(5) 966-971. 

J.A. Sweileh, E.M. El-Nemma, On-line elimination of spectral interference of iron matrix in the flame atomic absorption determination of zinc by anion-exchange separation, Anal. Chim. Acta 523 (2004) 287. 

R.E. Santelli, M. Gallego, M. Valcarcel, Atomic absorption determination of copper in silicate rocks by continuous precipitation preconcentration, Anal. Chem. 61 (1989) 1427. 

J.A. Sweileh, On-line flow injection solid sample introduction digestion and analysis spectrophotometric and atomic absorption determination of iron, copper and zinc in multi-vitamin tablets, Microchem. J. 65 (2000) 87. 

Flame Decomposition. Utilization of a petroleum sample as a fuel for combustion in a specially devised burner system, such as that described by Wickbold (6), can be an effective way to destroy large amounts of an organic matrix. The method is applicable to those elements which are either volatile or form volatile compounds and which can be trapped quantitatively in a suitable scrubber. This technique was used to prepare samples for cold vapor atomic absorption determination of mercury. Details are included in Chapter 12. 

Magos L (1971) Selective Atomic-absorption Determination of Inorganic Mercury and Methylmercury in Undigested Biological Samples. Analyst 96 847— 853. 

Neve J, Hanocq M and Molle L (1980) [Critical study of the graphite-furnace atomic absorption determination of selenium in biological samples after extraction with aromatic o-diamines and addition of nickel(II)]. Anal Chim Acta 115 133-141 [French],... 

J. C. Andrade, C. Pasquini, N. Baccan, and J. C. van Loon, Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Determination of Mercury by Flow Injection Analysis Using a Teflon Membrane Phase Separator Coupled to the Absorption Cell. Spectrochim. Acta, 38 (1983) 1329. 

A. S. Attiyat and G. D. Christian, Flow Injection Analysis—Atomic Absorption Determination of Serum Zinc. Clin. Chim. Acta, 137 (1984) 151. 

P. Martinez-Jim nez, M. Gallego, and M. Valc cel, Indirect Atomic Absorption Determination of Uranium by Flow Injection Analysis Using an Air-Acetylene Flame. At. Spectrosc., 6 (1985) 65. 

M. Gallego, M. Silva, and M. Valcarcel, Indirect Atomic Absorption Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Wastewaters by Flow Injection Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction. Anal. Chem., 58 (1986) 2265. 

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