Atmospheric regimes

One year later, during May 1997, another similar but less extensive campaign took place in Bavaria, Germany in order to obtain data from a different insolation and composition atmospheric regime. 

Greenland, conversely, is characterised by the fact that it is in the northern hemisphere, which contains the largest part of the landmass of the whole Earth (about 67%) and most of the population of our planet. This location, rather close to the industrialised areas of north America, western Europe and northern Russia, does not prevent pollution from easily reaching the ice cap. These opposite peculiarities in terms of geographical location and atmospheric regimes underline why scientists are so interested in conducting parallel research programmes on both ice caps. 

Emissions from methanol vehicles are expected to produce lower HC and CO emissions than equivalent gasoline engines. However, methanol combustion produces significant amounts of formaldehyde (qv), a partial oxidation product of methanol. Eormaldehyde is classified as an air toxic and its emissions should be minimized. Eormaldehyde is also very reactive in the atmosphere and contributes to the formation of ozone. Emissions of NO may also pose a problem, especiaHy if the engine mns lean, a regime in which the standard three-way catalyst is not effective for NO reduction. 

The transversely excited atmospheric-pressure (TEA) laser, inherently a pulsed device rather than a continuous laser, is another common variety of carbon dioxide laser (33,34). Carbon dioxide—TEA lasers are an important class of high-power pulsed lasers. Pulse durations are in the submicrosecond regime peak powers exceed 10 MW. 

We have shown that known reaction of luminol with peroxydisulphate at low luminol concentrations takes place in the regime of controlled generation of SO ion-radicals at spontaneous destruction of peroxydisulphate. The detection limit for various types of antioxidants in water using this reaction is varied from 10 to 10 M. It is possible also to determine some polluting admixtures present in the atmosphere. The reagent used is the mixture of the luminol, base and K S O, which, once prepai ed, could be used during a working day. 

Strigle [82] identifies a regime 20% above point F on Figure 9-22 as the maximum hydraulic capacity and is termed the flooding point for atmospheric operations. 

Most of the data used for compiling such maps have been obtained for the flow of water and air at near atmospheric temperature and pressure, and scaling factors have been introduced to extend their applicability to other systems. However, beating in mind the diffuse nature of the boundaries between the regimes and the relatively minor effect of... 

There has been relatively little work done on the development of two-phase flow regime maps for micro-channels. The general trends of how the transition lines are shifted as the diameter is decreased are unclear. Figure 5.19 shows a flow pattern map obtained for air-water two-phase flow in a 20 pm i.d. silica tube by Serizawa et al. (2002) at nearly atmospheric pressure. 

Figure 20 shows the film shape and the pressure distribution in the moving direction, taken from the section at the central line of the contact regime. The atmosphere viscosity of the lubricant is 0.062 Pa-s. Figure 20 tells us that the film shape and the pressure distribution are both in the forms similar to... 

Figure 22 shows variation of the him thickness with velocities. The three curves in the hgure are results from the EHL solution, experimental data, and TFL solution, respectively. The maximum Hertzian contact pressure is 0.125 GPa and the atmosphere viscosity of oil is 0.062 Pa s. While the velocity is higher than 100 mm s, i.e., the him is thicker than 50 nm, all the results from EHL, TFL, and experimental data are very close to each other, which indicate that when in the EHL lubrication regime, bulk viscosity plays the main role and the results of three types are close to each other. When... 

Figure 24 shows the him thickness varying with lubricant atmosphere viscosity at the velocity of 28 mm-s . As mentioned above, while the viscosity is relatively high as = 0.6371 Pa s, results of EHL solution, TFL solution, and experimental data are close to each other, from which we can deduce the lubrication is in the EHL regime. When the him thickness decreases to about 15 nm, the EHL result is much... 

Much can be learned about radon and its daughters and their interactions with aerosols and other atmospheric components under conditions of consistent time variation as seen in normal day-night regimes. Typical examples are shown in Figure 1. This study... 

The two atmospheres we decided to use to test our methods were growth and no-growth regimes. The first one was accomplished by introducing SO2 at 10-20 ppm levels, the second by using outside air where SO2 on N0X concentrations rarely exceed few ppb levels. The detailed discussion of these results will be given elsewhere in these proceedings. 

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