Ocean general circulation models

Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U. and Crowley, T. J. (1990). Ocean general circulation model sensitivity experiment with an open American Isthmus. Paleoceanography, 5,349-366. 

The research published in this book uses the presently most comprehensive multicompartment model, the first which comprises a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). GCMs are the state-of-the-art tools used in climate research. The study is on the marine and total environmental distribution and fate of two chemicals, an obsolete pesticide (DDT) and an emerging contaminant (perflu-orinated compound) and contains the first description of a whole historic cycle of an anthropogenic substance, i.e. from the introduction into the environment until its fading beyond phase-out. 

Farley, K. A., Maier-Reimer, E., Schlosser, P., Broecker, W. S. (1995) Constraints on mantle 3He fluxes and deep-sea circulation from an oceanic general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 100(B3), 3829-39. 

Gough, W.A. and Welch, W.J. (1994). Parameter space exploration of an ocean general circulation model using an isopycnal mixing parameterization. Journal of Marine Research, 52, 773-796. 

Suntharalingam, P., and Sarmiento, J. L. (2000). Factors governing the oceanic nitrous oxide distribution Simulations with an ocean general circulation model. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14(1), 429 54. 

Wiggert, J. D., Murtugudde, R. G., and Christian, J. R. (2006). Annual ecosystem variability in the tropical Indian Ocean Results of a coupled bio-physical ocean general circulation model. Deep-Sea Res. II 53, 644-676. 

Maier-Reimer, E. (1993). Geochemical cycles in an ocean general circulation model - Preindustrial tracer distributions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7, 645—677. 

Sarmiento J. L., Monfray P., Maier-Reimer E., Aumont O., Murnane R. J., and Orr J. C. (2000) Sea-air CO2 fluxes and carbon transport a comparison of three ocean general circulation models. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14, 1267-1281. 

Bryan F. (1987) Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 17(7), 970-985. 

CO2. Underlying all these is a model of the physical circulation of the ocean, usually arising from an ocean general circulation model. Three such estimates of the air-sea carbon flux are shown in Figure 1. The estimates are taken from the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison (OCMIP) (Orr, 1997). 

Fig. 12.15 Simplified structure and flux rates of the marine silicon cycle as resulting from the application of a prognostic, coupled water column-sediment, global biogeochemical ocean general circulation model. For comparison, flux values given in brackets base on field observations and were calculated by Treguer et al. 1995 (after Heinze et al. 2003).

Most of the evaluation of the He plumes in the ocean has been qualitative or semi-quantitative in nature. However, there are increasing attempts to incorporate He into Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs) in order to understand how such models ventilate the mid-depth and deep-water masses. An early attempt of He simulations in an OGCM has been documented by Farley et al. (1995). The results of the model simulations indicate that the model can roughly close the helium balance and reproduces most of the major observed features of the He field in the ocean. At the same time, the simulations show many shortcomings of the model and future work will contribute to... 

Hydrodynamic models of the atmosphere on a grid or spectral resolution that determine the surface pressure and the vertical distributions of velocity, temperature, density, and water vapor as functions of time from the mass conservation and hydrostatic laws, the first law of thermodynamics, Newton s second law of motion, the equation of state, and the conservation law for water vapor. Abbreviated as GCM. Atmospheric general circulation models are abbreviated AGCM, while oceanic general circulation models are abbreviated OGCM. geomorphology... 

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