Plumb line

Corrosion. Copper and selected copper aHoys perform admirably in many hostile environments. Copper aHoys with the appropriate corrosion resistance characteristics are recommended for atmospheric exposure (architectural and builder s hardware), for use in fresh water supply (plumbing lines and fittings), in marine appHcations (desalination equipment and biofouling avoidance), for industrial and chemical plant equipment (heat exchangers and condensers), and for electrical/electronic appHcations (coimectors and semiconductor package lead-frames) (30) (see Packaging). 

Richt-aualyse /. guide analysis, approximate analysis, -blei, n. plumb line, plummet, richten. irt. direct, turn arrange, adjust, align, set, straighten orient dress raise, erect judge. — v.r. turn, rise, conform. 

By definition, the reaction field gs at any point p is normal to its level surface at this point and for this reason the direction of gs is called the vertical that corresponds to the direction of a plumb line. 

At the point p, the z-axis coincides with the vertical (plumb line) and, therefore,... 

It is proper to point out again that the simplicity of Equations (2.87 and 2.88) is related to the fact that the plane xOy is tangent to the level surface at the point p and, correspondingly, the plumb line coincides with the z-axis. 

Now we express the curvature of the plumb line in terms of the gravitational field, and with this purpose in mind consider its elementary displacement [Pg.81]

As is seen from Fig. 2.6b, the first derivative dx/dz at the point p is equal to zero and correspondingly the curvature of the projection of the plumb line on the vz-plane is... 

From analytical geometry follows that the total curvature of the plumb line is... 

The vector line of the field g between the earth s surface and the geoid can be replaced by a straight line which has the same direction as the plumb line, (vertical), at the point b of the earth s surface. 

To illustrate Equation (2.253), consider two points a and b located at different equipotential surfaces and assume that they are located so close to each other that the field between them changes linearly along the vector line. At the same time the separation of these surfaces may vary. First, choose the path ab b, where points b and b are at the same plumb line, perpendicular to both surfaces. Fig. 2.8c. Then,... 

Equations (3.75 and 3.76) describe the motion of a free particle in a rotating frame of reference, when the angular velocity is relatively small and the z-axis is directed along the plumb line. Certainly, a presence of terms with a> is related to the rotation of the earth. Besides, the gravitational field also contains a term with this frequency. It may be proper to emphasize again that in deriving these formulas we assumed... 

The index 0 means that derivatives are taken at the origin where x — y — z — 0. Inasmuch as the thread is oriented along the vertical (plumb line), the gravitational field at the origin has only a vertical component, that is. 

Heavy Metals. Contact of aqueous solutions with heavy metals (brass, Cu, and Pb) may lead to the formation of explosive heavy metal azides (e.g., in plumbing lines).7... 

The point on the celestial spehere in the direction downwards of the plumb-line. Nagel point... 

Nevil Maskelyne (1732-1811), English astronomer, who conducted experiments at Mt. Schehallion, Scotland (1774-1976), on the gravitational attraction of mountains as shown by deviations of the plumb line.-Ed. 

The density of lead makes it useful in making the builders plumb lines and for sounding apparatus at sea. It is this latter use which has given rise to the expression swinging the lead , which indicates a shirking of duty. 

Referring to an (almost) identical deterministic model the deflection of the vertical /x can also be calculated directly by comparing ellipsoid normal related zenith angles 2 derived from GPS measurements and plumb line related zenith angles gained by trigonometric heighting ... 

Method of reduction of results of levelling surveys, due to technogenic plumb-line inclinations. Method for creating maps of changes of gravity at the regions of opencast mines and barrier lakes has been also prepared. 

---