Astragalus

Astragalus spp. Members of this genus are included in the group of loco weeds causing disease in cattle in the United States. From A. carlei. Pease and Elderfield isolated a- and j3- earleines, which were later shown by Stempel and Elderfield to be betaine and choline respectively these are also present in A. wootoni, along with trigonelline (p. 7). ( (1) J. Org. Chem., 1940, 5, 192, see also p. 198 (2) Ibid., 1942, 7, 432 J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 315. (3) Knowles and Elderfield, J. Org. Chem., 1942, 7, 389). 

Molyneux, R. J. and James, L. F. 1982. Loco intoxication indolizidine alkaloids of spotted loco-weed Astragalus lentiginosus). Science 216 190-191. 

While the activity and the structural specificity of the xenognosins were very encouraging, Astragalus gummifer is native to the Middle East and would not be expected to have co-evolved as a host for the southeastern U.S. native, Agalinis purpurea. The questions of whether molecules of this type were actually exuded from host roots in sufficient quantities to constitute host selection still remained. For that reason, John Steffens switched his attention to Lespedeza... 

Gum arabic Gum kadaya Locust bean Tamarind Tragacanth Acacia segalencis and other acacia trees, native to eastern Africa Sterculia urens trees from India Seeds of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) trees Seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) trees Astragalus gummifer shrubs from southern Europe and the Middle East... 

Fly larvae, whole, from Astragalus plant with 1800 mg Se/kg Birds... 

Annuals Conyza canadensis L., CoroniUa scorpioides (L.) Koch, Anchusa aggregata Lechm., Astragalus... 

Reports on the antiviral activity of isoflavonoids isolated from medicinal plants have also been found in the literature. Calycosin-7-0-P-Z)-glucopyra-noside is the main isoflavonoid compound isolated from Astragalus... 

Astragaloside IV (76) and astragaloside I (77) are the two active cycloar-tane-type major triterpenoid saponins isolated from Astragalus mem-branaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., were evaluated to exhibit protective effects on the early stage... 

The haustoria of the parasites do not form when the plants are grown axenically, but are rapidly induced in the presence of the host roots or host root exudates (17). Several haustorial-inducing compounds have now been characterized. Xenognosin A and B were identified in gum tragacanth, an exudate of Astragalus gummifer. and soyasapogenol B was identified in roots of Lespedeza sericea. 

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