Loco weed

Astragalus spp. Members of this genus are included in the group of loco weeds causing disease in cattle in the United States. From A. carlei. Pease and Elderfield isolated a- and j3- earleines, which were later shown by Stempel and Elderfield to be betaine and choline respectively these are also present in A. wootoni, along with trigonelline (p. 7). ( (1) J. Org. Chem., 1940, 5, 192, see also p. 198 (2) Ibid., 1942, 7, 432 J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 315. (3) Knowles and Elderfield, J. Org. Chem., 1942, 7, 389). 

Molyneux, R. J. and James, L. F. 1982. Loco intoxication indolizidine alkaloids of spotted loco-weed Astragalus lentiginosus). Science 216 190-191. 

Marsh, C.D. (1909). The Loco-Weed Disease of the Plains, Bulletin 112, U.S. Dept. Agri., Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington. 

Dextrorotatory inositol occurs in various plants as its monomethyl ether, pinitol, which was first mentioned by Berthelot as a constituent of the exudate of Pinus lamhertiana Dougl. More recently it has been discovered in the heartwood of the redwood Sequoia sempervirensy and in two varieties of the loco weed, Astragalus earlei and Oxytropis lambertii. 

Because of the large economic losses attributed to loco-weed poisoning, several studies have been conducted to define conditions of maximal contact of bovines and ovines without poisoning [44-50], and to detect the presence of swainsonine in an Australian plant, which produces... 

The first sources of swainsonine were the fiongus Rhizoctonia leguminicula and the loco-weed plants but the increasing interest in its biological activity lead to the search of alternative sources of this alkaloid. 

Both slaframine and swainsonine were isolated from the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicula. The fungal infection of red clover hay or pasture is associated with the occurrence of the slobbers syndrome in cattle and horses which consists of excessive salivation (slobbering), lacrimation, feed refusal, bloating, stiff joints, abortion, diarrhoea and/or violent behaviour. Some of these clinical symptoms are similar to loco-weed poisoning but the first two are not observed upon administration of swainsonine to animals [114]. 

Livestock grown on soils high in selenium are poisoned by eating Astragalus ( loco-weed ), which concentrates it sheep grown on land deficient in selenium develop "white muscle disease. Deficiency of selenium involved in Key-shan disease in China. Function unknown, but found in the molluscan pigment, royal purple. 

Marijuana has been known by many names hemp, hashish, dagga, bhang, loco weed, grass - the list is endless. Formally christened Cannabis sativa in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, marijuana is one of nature s hardiest specimens. It needs little care to thrive. One need not talk to it, sing to it, or play tranquil Brahms lullabies to coax it to grow. It is as vigorous as a weed. It is ubiquitous. It flourishes under nearly every possible climatic condition. 

Readers were likewise informed that while "appalling in its effects on the human mind and body as narcotics, the consumption of marihuana appears to be proceeding, virtually unchecked in Colorado and other Western states with a large Spanish-American population." And if this were not dire warning enough, readers were also told that marihuana was "kin to loco weed... [and] when mixed with hay causes death to horses "... 

Ball, M. V. Marihuana - Mexican name for cannabis, also called loco weed in certain parts of Texas. In Canal Zone papers. Balboa Heights. Univeristy of Virginia Law Library, Charlottesville, Virginia. 

The term anticholinergic as used in the context of this discussion refers more specifically to compounds that selectively block the brain s muscarinic receptor (now known to consist of several sub-types). Atropine (hyoscyamine) and scopolamine (hyoscine) are the most familiar medicinal anticholinergics. Historically, they were obtained from of the botanical family Solanaceae, which includes Jimson (or loco) weed, mandrake root, henbane, belladonna, and nightshade. Atropine and scopolamine are esters of tropic acid and contain a tertiary nitrogen moiety. This gives them the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and block central muscarinic cholinergic receptors by competitive inhibition with acetylcholine, the natural neurotransmitter at these sites. 

Linseed, Linum spp., 201 Loco weed. Astragalus racemosus, 741 Locust, black, Robina pseudoacacia, 702 Lupine, Lupinus spp., 191... 

Molyneux RJ, James LF. Loco intoxification Indolizidine alkaloids of spotted loco-weed Astragalus lentiginous). Science 1982 216 190-1. 

D-Inositol (d-inositol, jS-inositol, matezodambose), m.p. 247-248 , Hd + 65 (H2O), occurs as a monomethyl ether, pinitol, m.p. 186 , Md + 65.5 (H2O), in many plants, particularly conifers (s). The heartwood of the sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana Dough, averages 4% by weight (range, 1.3-9.5%) of pinitol (9). Other sources are the red spruce Picea rubra) (10), redwood Sequoia sempervirens) (11), and the loco weed (1 ). Pinitol is sweet, very soluble in water, and stable in dilute acids and... 

Rednchig csiposiaeL Animab should be remored from ranges infested with loco-weed, and measures should be taken to reduce range infestation (e.g., by pasture management, appropriate heifoicides). 

The characteristic fruit and seeds of loco-weed are housed in which type of structure ... 

No doubt, men watched their livestock get sick or die after eating certain plants. Stories of the Old West have made loco-weeds famous because of their effects on animals. When eaten by dairy cows, White snakeroot transfers its poisonous alcohol, tremetol, to their milk. During the 19th century, this created the outbreaks of milk sickness in the Appalachians and the Midwest, and resulted in the loss of numerous lives. 

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