Sequential association

The effects of cumulative intravenous PCP on (A) the direct cortical EEG recorded in freely moving rats, and (B) the associated sequential l-minute EEG power spectra... 

V (the potential) is identified with the enthalpy, i.e. the number n of base pairings (contacts), and T corresponds to the entropy. At each stage in the folding process, as many as possible new favourable intramolecular interactions are fonned, while minimizing the loss of confonnational freedom (the principle of sequential minimization of entropy loss, SMEL). The entropy loss associated with loop closure is (and the rate of loop closure exp... 

Fig. 6. Multiple threads in NAMD 2 allow the integration algorithm to be expressed sequentially as a single function. This function, shown illegibly at left, runs in sequencer threads associated with home patches. A similar function running in a controller thread on the master node communicates with the sequencers to deal with output and global calculations. Compute objects execute in the larger stack space of each node s main thread.

The major advantage of array detectors over point ion detectors lies in their ability to measure a range of m/z values and the corresponding ion abundances all at one time, rather than sequentially. For example, suppose it takes 10 msec to measure one m/z value and the associated number of ions (abundance). To measure 100 such ions sequentially with a point ion detector would necessitate 1000 msec (1 sec) for the array detector, the time is still 10 msec because all ions arrive at the same time. Therefore, when it is important to be able to measure a range of ion m/z values in a short space of time, the array detector is advantageous. 

Substrate reduction is accompHshed by a series of sequential associations and dissociations of the two proteias, and duting each cycle, two molecules of MgATP are hydroly2ed and a single electron is transferred from the Fe proteia to the MoFe proteia (11,133), with the dissociation step being rate-limiting at about 6 (H)- Although the kinetics of aU. the partial reactions have been measured, Httie is known about the physical details of the... 

The relationship between output variables, called the response, and the input variables is called the response function and is associated with a response surface. When the precise mathematical model of the response surface is not known, it is still possible to use sequential procedures to optimize the system. One of the most popular algorithms for this purpose is the simplex method and its many variations (63,64). 

This control activity includes process control and unit management. Process control includes those loops and devices that perform sequential control, regulatory control, and discrete control. Unit management is responsible for coordinating the activities associated with the batch units (e.g., allocating resources within the unit, ensuring that batch sequences proceed in the proper order, etc.). 

File manager systems—Maintain files and handle data input to and output from the files. Database management systems (DBMS) contain integrated sets of files related by their use and provide uniform software interfaces for accessing data. The essential relationships between records in the files may be of several types, including sequential, associative, or hierarchical. 

Another approach to assess the partitioning of metals among the phases comprising natural particulate matter is to sequentially and selectively extract or dissolve portions of natural particulate matter. Based on the release of trace metals accompanying each step, associations between the trace metal and the extracted phase are inferred. Both of the above approaches have drawbacks, and at this time it is impossible to predict in advance how and to what extent metals and particulate matter will bond to one another in a natural system. Despite the uncertainties, empirical results can often be interpreted using the framework provided here. 

Figure 6. Interconverting receptor model. In the presence of L, membrane R and G become associated to form the ternary complex LRG, which is sequentially interconverted into LR and LRX prior to internalization.

The formation of the PIC described above is based on the sequential addition of purified components in in vitro experiments. An essential feature of this model is that the assembly takes place on the DNA template. Accordingly, transcription activators, which have autonomous DNA binding and activation domains (see Chapter 39), are thought to function by stimulating either PIC formation or PIC function. The TAF coactivators are viewed as bridging factors that communicate between the upstream activators, the proteins associated with pol II, or the many other components of TFIID. This view, which assumes that there is stepwise assembly of the PIC—promoted by various interactions between activators, coactivators, and PIC components— is illustrated in panel A of Figure 37-10. This model was supported by observations that many of these proteins could indeed bind to one another in vitro. 

A classification decision tree allows one to predict in a sequential way the y value (or corresponding conditional probabilities) that is associated with a particular x vector of values. At the top node of the tree (A in Fig. 3), a first test is performed, based on the value assumed by a particular decision variable (jCj). Depending on the outcome of this test, vector X is sent to one of the branches emanating from node A. A second test follows, being carried out at another node (B), and over the values of the same or a different decision variable (e.g., JCg). This procedure is... 

The complex polymers in feedstuffs are broken down to the constituent building blocks by a sequential process. Hydrolysis of the polymers is initiated in the lumen of the GIT by enzymes and other secretions produced by the pancreas, stomach, intestine, liver and gall bladder, and other GIT tissues, and completed by another suite of enzymes associated with the brush border membrane (BBM) or intracellular organelles. Anti-nutrient phytochemicals can decrease the hydrolysis of feedstuffs, and thereby reduce nutrient availability, either by increasing the inherent resistance of the polymers to hydrolysis or by decreasing the activities or amounts of enzymes and other secretions produced by the GIT. 

Fraction Fla was chosen for structural purposes due to its better solubility in water and the absence of Xyl. In order to remove noncovalently associated protein, fraction Flap was submitted to sequential shaking cycles with a mixture of chloroform-buthanol, as indicated by Sevag and described by Staub [17]. The fraction was also treated with trichloroacetic acid. In both procedures, coprecipitation of carbohydrate and protein was observed, suggesting strong linkages and a more complex structure. Fla as was submitted to mild acid hydrolysis yielding Flas and Flap (Table VI). 

Snyder, R.M., Mirabelli, C. and Crooke, S.J. (1986) Cellular association, intracellular distribution, and efflux of auranofin via sequential ligand exchange reactions. Biochemical Pharmacology, 35, 923-932. 

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