Assets economic benefit

The economic benefits alone are also driving the adoption of biotechnology. BASF has reduced the production process for Vitamin B2 from eight steps to one through biotechnology, while DSM s bioroute for Cephalexin has also substantially reduced the number of process steps. These examples and those of dozens of pharmaceutical intermediates demonstrate that cost savings of 50 percent and more are not unlikely. The savings may come directly from lower variable costs, but also from reduced capital expenditures for simpler production assets, or from reduced scale and therefore lower risk, transportation costs, and/or overcapacity. 

Waste products from many industrial processes contain at times significant concentrations of metals which are objectionable on environmental grounds and yet constitute an appreciable economic asset. The presence of toxic metals in such wastes constitutes an environmental hazard, particularly because the ever-decreasing pH of the rainwater makes their leachability and contamination of the ground water more likely. Careful and costly waste-disposal procedures are thus mandatory so as to prevent this from occurring. A preferred alternative is the cost-effective conversion of such waste into useful products. This provides an optimal solution to the waste-disposal problem because (a) it eliminates the need for a safe and costly disposal of the hazardous waste (b) it maximizes resource utilization and conservation through recycling, and (c) it derives an economic benefit from the sale of the obtained products. 

Su evaluates weather a mine should be closed or not based on the comprehensive evaluation of the asset-liability ratio, reasonable economic losses and economic benefits of mining depth and coal resources etc. 

A true sale structure, while appropriate for the securitisation of closed-end loans, is likely to have unfortunate tax implications where a property owner wishes to retain overall economic benefit of the asset. This can be overcome through a secured loan structure. 

Few books attempt to cover the area of automatic chemistry. Technical papers which relate to automation have most often been presented in analytical journals dealing with the basic subject area, and the details of the automation are less well documented than the chemistry. Aspects of management, education and economics are given scant treatment despite their importance. The Journal oj Automatic Chemistry [8] was launched to fill this void in the literature and experience has shown that there is a wealth of technical experience awaiting publication. In addition, it is vital for the suppliers of automatic instrumentation and computer systems to set up adequate lines of communications with their customers. User groups are a valuable asset so that experiences, good and bad, are shared and any problems resolved. A user who becomes frustrated for lack of support or information will become a source of bad reference. A satisfied user, on the other hand, will provide valuable input which may benefit future users and assist the company in providing instruments that the user needs. 

Assets are economic resources that are owned by the firm and are expected to benefit future operations. Assets are items of value and may be tangible (equipment, buildings, furniture, etc.). Or, assets may be intangible (franchises, patents, trademarks, etc.). 

Asset Any owned physical object (tangible) or right (intangible) having economic value to its owners an item or source of wealth with continuing benefits for future periods, expressed for accounting purposes in terms of its cost or other value (such as current replacement cost). 

The cumulative benefits to synthetic CDO structures versus cash structures, if they are all in play, amount to dramatically improved economics. For instance, if all of the asset side (flexibility, ramp-up, basis) benefits sum to only 10 bps, and the liability benefit is 40 bps on 70% of the capital structure, the savings would amount to 38 bps (= 40 x 0.7 + 10) on a 1 billion transaction. For a 5-year synthetic CDO, the PV of those 38 bps amounts to over 17 million. In a leveraged structure, of course, these benefits will primarily accrue to the equity and their impact will be magnified as shown in Exhibit 22.8. Clearly, the synthetic CDO may be an efficient vehicle for investors to use in accessing diversified tranches of risk. 

Applicants may be asked to supply paperwork that testifies to their income, expenditures, assets, or at least to those parts of these that are amenable to documentation and reveal something about their economic welfare. They may be asked for pay stubs, records of utility bills, tax bills, certificates that confirm that they do not benefit from other social programs in the country, or other similar documents. The Unified Monthly Benefit Program in the Kyrgyz Republic may require up to 25 such documents, depending on households specific circumstances, but analysts calculate that on average, about 5 are required. 

Tourism, agriculture, and the elderly are identified by the Florida Department of Elder Affairs (2009 140) as the three legs of the Florida economy. Bill Haas (1990), of the University of North Carolina s Institute for the Future of Retirement, estimates that the economic impact of a retiree household moving to a state is the equivalent of 1.4 factory jobs. The Florida Department of Elder Affairs (2009) states that direct spending by mature Floridians and the value of their federal health benefits is about 150 billion and that Florida s elderly represented a net benefit of 2.8 billion in taxes in the year 2000. Each month in 2004, 3.5 billion in Social Security and military retirement benefits were received by Elorida residents and resulted in 75 billion in direct and indirect spending. Mormino (2005 145) points out that between 1985 and 1990, the elderly transferred 8 billion in assets into Florida while transferring out only 1.8 billion. 

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