Water environmental protection assessment

A good example of a prescriptive approach to quality assessment is the protocol outlined in Figure 15.2, published by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for laboratories involved in monitoring studies of water and wastewater. Independent samples A and B are collected simultaneously at the sample site. Sample A is split into two equal-volume samples, and labeled Ai and A2. Sample B is also split into two equal-volume samples, one of which, Bsf, is spiked with a known amount of analyte. A field blank. Dp, also is spiked with the same amount of analyte. All five samples (Ai, A2, B, Bsf, and Dp) are preserved if necessary and transported to the laboratory for analysis. 

P. A. Fenner-Crisp, "Risk Assessment Methods for Pesticides in Food and Drinking Water," Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, presented at the Florida Pesticide Review Council Meeting, July 7, 1989. 

Acid Rain A National Sensitivity Assessment, Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Fact Sheet and maps, 1988. Berden, M. Nilsson, S.I. Rosen, K. Tyler, G. Soil Acidification Extent, Causes, and Consequences, National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, Rept. 3292, 1987, pp 164. 

An application of transport and compartment-type models to hazard analysis is described in the paper by Honeycutt and Ballantine (19). The compound CGA-72662 running off from agricultural areas into surface waters was modeled in order to set safe application procedures consistent with the protection of aquatic environments. Patterson, et al (2 0) have adapted the UTM model to a software package that is generally applicable to fate assessments of toxic substances in air, water, soil and biota. Their work, now in working draft form, is being used by Dr. William Wood and Dr. Joan Lefler in the Office of Toxic Substances of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

EPA. 1979a. The environmental lead problem An assessment of lead in drinking water from a multimedia perspective. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 570/9-79-003, NTIS PB-296556. 

EPA. 1995b. Guidance for assessing chemical contaminant data for use in fish advisories. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publication No. EPA 823-R-95-007, 2nd ed., Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water, USEPA, Washington, DC. September 1995. 

Human risk assessment (HRA) was done applying guidelines from the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and selecting water ingestion as route of exposure for human health assessment [20]. According to the... 

Larsen HF, Tprslpv J, Damborg A (1995) Areas of intervention for cleaner technology in the printing industry - assessment of waste water (report in Danish). Environmental Project No. 284. Danish Ministry of Environment. Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen... 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1990. Risk Assessment for 2378-TCDD and 2378 TCDF Contaminated Receiving Waters from U.S. Chlorine-Bleaching Pulp and Paper Mills. EPA Off. Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C. 154 pp. 

EPA. 1980a. Ambient water quality criteria document for endrin. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. 

EPA. 1985. Drinking water criteria document for ethylene dibromide (EDB) (Draft). Cincinnati, OFI US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. EPA-600/X-84/181. NTIS no. PB86-118247... 

Drill, S. Konz, J.H. Mahar Morse, M. The Environmental Lead Problem An Assessment of Lead in Drinking Water from a Multi-Media Perspective, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Criteria and Standards Division, PB-296 566, May 1979. 

In Denmark, health-based quality criteria are set for chemical substances in soil, drinking water, and ambient air according to principles laid down in a guidance document from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (D-EPA 2006). The principles laid down in the guidance document are based on an extensive review addressing the hazard assessment of chemicals, including application of assessment factors (Nielsen et al. 2005). 

Nielsen, E., G. 0stergaard, J.C. Larsen, and O. Ladefoged. 2005. Principles for human health assessments of chemical substances in relation to the establishment of health based quality criteria for ambient air, soil and drinking water. Environmental Project No. 974/2004. Copenhagen Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Danish Ministry of the Environment (in Danish with a summary in Enghsh). 

EPA. 1980. Guidelines and methodology used in the preparation of healtheffect assessment chapters of the consent decree water criteria documents. US Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register 45 79347- 79357... 

Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Volunteer Stream Monitoring A Methods Manual, chapter 5 "Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality," available online at http //www.epa.gov/OWOW/monitoring/volunteer/ stream/vms53.html. 

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