Assay immunoassays

Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), 6 400—402 12 137, 145 Immunoanalyzers, automated, 14 150 Immunoassay(s), 14 135-159. See also Immunoassay- DNA probe hybrid assays Immunoassay methods Immuno(bio)sensors antibody-antigen reaction, 14 136-138 basic technology in, 14 138-140 chemiluminescent, 14 150-151 classification of, 14 140-153 design of, 14 139-140 enzyme, 14 143-148 fluorescence, 14 148-150 highly specific, 14 153 historical perspective on, 14 136 microarrays and, 14 156—157 microfluidics in, 26 968—969 monoclonal versus polyclonal antibodies in, 14 152-153... 

Clinical chemistry Enzyme rate assays, colorimetric assays, end-point assays, immunoassays Upstone, 2000 ... 

The use of ECL processes for the detection of biological compounds is a rapidly growing area of interest, both for quantitation of analytes and to measure biomolecular interactions. By using ECL active chromophores as labels for biological compounds, a variety of applications is possible, including assays for enzymatic activity, binding assays, immunoassays, and nucleic acid probe assays. 

Table 6.1 Ge neral differences between chromatographic methods (HPLC and LC-MS/MS) and ligand-binding assays (immunoassays).

Research on microchip protein analysis has been very active for cellular protein functional assay, clinical diagnostics, and proteomics studies. Once again, the microfluidic technology plays an important role in protein assays. Immunoassay, protein separation, and enzymatic assay will be described in detail in subsequent sections. 

The evaluations to determine relevant species for toxicity evaluation include various receptor binding assays and tissue cross-reactivity assessments, the later being routinely performed for monoclonal antibody based products (see Chapters 10 and 26). Species specificity can be determined using properly controlled in vitro cell-based response assays, cloning of receptors and ligands to determine compatibility, receptor-based response assays, immunoassays, genomic-based assays, and traditional biochemical-based assays as well as in vivo assessments with validated endpoints and markers for specificity. 

Partition Affinity Ligand Assay Immunoassays of Different Antigens... 

In this review chapter, the reader will find information on the following a general descriptive section on the MEF phenomenon, a section on the effects of microwave heating on the components of the MAMEF-based assays, and several applications of the MAMEF technique in ultra fast protein detection assays, immunoassays and DNA hybridization assays. 

Bound fraction Antigen/competitor present as a complex, attached to the corresponding antibody the fi-action of the reaction mixture which contains the antigen-antibody complex Carrier protein Large non-immunogenic protein that, when coupled to a hapten, induces production of anti-hapten antibodies in an animal Competitive assay Immunoassay based on the principle of competition between the analyte in the sample ( unknown ) and competitor Competitor Antigen derivative that is modified (i.e., labelled, coupled to a large protein) and serves for indirect detection of the analsde in competitive immunoassays... 

The approach of implementing a biological assay as a postcolumn reaction detection system after liquid chromatography can not only be applied to antibody-based assays (immunoassays) but also to assays employing other affinity interactions with high association and low dissociation rate constants, such as receptors. Information obtained from such a detection system not only provides quantitative results but also indicates the biological activity of the detected compound. 

Hormones are measured by a variety of analytical techniques including bioassay, receptor assay, immunoassay, and instrumental techniques, such as mass spectrometry interfaced with either liquid or gas chromatography. A general overview of these techniques is given here. Analytical details for individual hormones using such techniques are found in the discussion of the individual hormones in their respective chapters. 

Assay (immunoassay, receptor assay, in vitro bioassay, in vivo bioassay)... 

Precision in bioassays is almost invariably poor. Considerable variation in the shape of the calibration curve occurs among assays. Immunoassays have better reproducibility if signal levels are sufficiently high above background. High-affinity antisera improve the signal-to-noise ratio and it is worth expending con-... 

Like enzymatic assays, immunoassays are conventionally implemented in microtiter wells, but they are even more easily adapted to the microscale. Homogeneous immunoassays are typically employed for the study of small molecules, while heterogeneous immunoassays are preferred for large-molecule detection. 

See also-. Blood and Plasma. Clinical Analysis Sample Handling. Electrophoresis Clinical Applications. Enzymes Overview Industrial Products and Processes Enzyme-Based Assays. Immunoassays, Techniques ... 

Keywords Bioanalytical assays Immunoassays Lanthanide nanoparticles Luminescence resraiance energy transfer Time-resolved fluorometry... 

Keywords Clinical applications Hormone assays Immunoassays Time-resolved fluorescence... 

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