Artemisia family

Romero MR, Serrano MA, Vallejo M, Efferth T, Alvarez M, Marin JJ. (2006) Antiviral effect of artemisinin from Artemisia annua against a model member of the Flaviviridae family, the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Planta Med 72 1169-1174. 

Asteraceae, Milliaceae and Apiaceae, are among some plant families that are known to have insecticidal constituents. Vulgar-one B (isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae), apiol (isolated from Ligusticum hultenii Apiaceae), and cnicin (isolated from Centaurea maculosa Asteraceae) cause significant mortality to Formosan subterranean... 

The other major group of irregular monoterpenes is formed by non-head-to-tail fusion of isoprene units. Important members include artemisia ketone 64, santolinatriene 65, chrysanthemol 66, yomogi alcohol 67 and lavandulol 68 (Structure 4.15). Lavandulane-type compounds occur in the families Lamiaceae (Labiatae) and Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), while chrysanthemane, artemisane and santolinane types occur in the family Asteraceae (Compositae) [47,48]. 

Cinnamomum eamphora (Linne) Nees et Ebermaier, family Lauraceae. The plant grows well in Japan, China, Formosa, India, Burma and Malaysia. Camphor also occurs in certain species of Artemisia, (Compositae) chrysanthemum (compositae), Salvia (Labiatae), Ocimum (Labiatae), Lavander (Labiatae), Pinus (Pinaceae). It is also present in Rosemarinus officinalis (Labiatae), Aristolochia indica (Aristolochi-aceae), Blumea balsamifera (Camphreaceae), Prunella vulgaris Labiatae), Cinnamomum ganduliferum (Lauraceae) etc (38-55) ... 

WORMWOOD -- Artemisia absinthium. Family Compositae (Sunflower family). 

Qinghao (Sweet Wormwood) is the dried aerial parts of the herb Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae family), which has been used in China for centuries to treat fever and malaria. Artemisinin (Nl) (Qing Hao Su) (128), the active principle, directly kills Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasites) with little toxicity to animals and humans. Thus, it is a clinically effective, safe, and rapid antimalarial agent (129, 130). The novel endo-peroxide link is essential for the antimalarial activity. 

QUINGHAO, Artemisae mnuae herba, is the dry aerial part of Artemisia annua L., family Asteraceae, collected in the fall after the flowers are in full bloom. From this ancient Chinese antimalarial remedy two crystalline substances quinhaosu A and B, with a maximal content (0.7-0.8%) in young leaves at the time of flowering have been isolated. 

History. For thousands of years Chinese herbalists treated fever with a decoction of the plant called "qinghao", Artemisia annua, "sweet wormwood" or "annual wormwood" belonging to the family of Asteraccae. In the 1960s a program of the People Republic of China re-examined traditional herbal remedies on a rational scientific basis including the qinghao plant. Early efforts to isolate the active principle... 

Santonin (7.30) occurs in the oil known as Levant Wormseed Oil. This oil is not extracted from the seeds, but from the unopened flower heads of several herbs of the family Artemisia, principally from Artemisia maritima. Its use in folk medicine for the treatment of intestinal worms stems from the anthelmintic properties of santonin. Santonin undergoes a number of very interesting reactions, three of which are summarised in Figure 7.9. 

The most important peroxide belonging to the 1,2,4-trioxane family is a natural product, obtained from Artemisia annua, which is a very potent antimalarial drug having low human toxicity. The compound, artemisinin, originates from research on traditional Chinese medicinal practice. Its antimalarial activity is associated with the presence of the... 

The chul zone occupies most of the Central Asian plain (Turan) and displays four soil types salty chul, sandy chul, gypsum (stony) chul, and clay chul (National Biodiversity Strategy Project Steering Committee 1998). Portions of the salty chul ecosystem that have extremely high salt concentrations support no plant life. Areas of salty chul with lower salt content are dominated by Artemisia halophila and species in the Chenopodiaceae family such as Halocnemum strobilaceum, Halostachys caspica, Haloxylon aphyllum, Salicornia herbacea, Salsola dendroides, Suaeda dendroides... 

Artemisia spp. (family Compositae) Various species of this are distributed throughout the temperate and subtropical region. It is cultivated in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, the USA and in Kashmir. The leaves are a culinary herb in vinegar and salad seasonings. The oil extracted from leaves is used for flavouring liquors. 

Artemisia pallens (family Compositae) Distributed in India. The leaves and flowers are fragrant and are used for high-grade perfumes. 

Artemisia absinthium (family Compositae) Used in non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, candy and in baked products. 

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide and isolated from aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. plants (family Asteraceae commonly known as sweet wormwood), is popular as a potent, promising, highly effective, safe, and best therapeutic agent against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium sp. The low yield of artemisinin content, is a serious limitation to its ability and affordablity to the most malaria sufferers. The chemically synthesized artemisinin is also costly due to low yield of the process. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), for the first-line treatment of malaria. To date, A. annua L. 

Artemisinin, another sesquiterpene lactone, contains a rare endoper-oxide bridge that is necessary for its antimalarial activity. Artemisinin is derived fi om an antique Chinese herbal remedy and has been isolated fi om Artemisia annua, also known as qing hao or sweet wormwood, a species of the Asteraceae family. This plant has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for over 200 years. Artemisinin and its de-... 

Source Artemisia absinthium L. (Family Compositae or Asteraceae). 

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