Artemisia

The genus Artemisia contains more than 200 species that have been reported from many parts of the world and has been selected for remedies by cultures throughout the world because of its medicinal properties. The reported active constituents of the genus include all types of the common natural products of the Asteraceae SQLs, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, essential oils (monoterpenes), 

---

Artemisia abrotanum L. Abrotine, CjiHjjONj. Crystalline, bitertiary base sulphate (crystalline), and platinichloride (Giacosa, Jahresb., 1883, 1356). 

In the example below, Bhardwaj and coworkers synthesized tetramethoxyflavone 36 this flavonol was believed to be the structure of a compound isolated from Artemisia annua Methyl ketone 37 and aldehyde 38 were smoothly condensed to afford chalcone 39 in 73% yield. 39 was then converted to 40 under slightly modified AFO conditions in low yield. Selective demethylation of 40 gave 36. However, spectral data and melting point data of 36 did not match up with the compound isolated from the plant. Hence, the original structure was misassigned and was not flavonol 36. 

As another example of the experiments, Artemisia absinthium may be selected. The four stages of special interest were as follows —... 

August, 1905, flowering advanced. The accumulation of essential oil in the roots was still more marked. (This fact does not appear to hold good for any annual plants Artemisia is a perennial. 

The thujol group, in reference to these studies, is represented by the absinthe herb (Artemisia ahsynthium), which contains a secondary alcohol thujol, CjoHj O, and its esters, and its corresponding ketone, ithujone, CjoHj,jO. The conclusions drawn in this case are as follows —... 

Eber, m. boar hog. -esche, /. mountain ash, service tree, -raute, /. southernwood, abro-tanum (Artemisia abrotanum). -wurz, -wur-zel, /. carline thistle (Carftna) carline root. Ebne, n. plane plain, ebnen, t.t. level, flatten, smooth, plane. ebulUeren, v.t. boil up break out. ebullioskopisch, a. ebullioscopic. Bcballiumsaure, /. ecballic acid. 

Specific inhibitors have also been extracted, and studied, from Cyperns esculentus (146) Artemisia vulgaris (87) Madia glomerata (26) roots of Chrysanthemum morifolium (4) Zinnia oligantha (145) and Vitis vinifera (133). 

A mixture of senecioyl chloride (0.1 mol) and A1C13 (0.1 mol) in dichloromethane (50 ml) was added dropwise over 45 min with stirring to a solution of dimethylallyltrimethylsilane (O.llmol) in dichloromethane (KK)ml), previously cooled to — 60 °C. The reaction mixture was maintained at this temperature for 10 min after the final addition, and then poured slowly onto a mixture of crushed ice and ammonium chloride. After washing of the organic layer with brine and drying, artemisia ketone (0.09 mol, 90%). b.p. 87°C/200mmHg, was obtained. 

Aminosilanes, 87-9 Artemisia ketone, 33 Aryl silyl ethers, 41 Arylsilanes, 39-43 Arylsulphonylhydrazones, 12 Aryltrimethylsilanes, 39, 42,43 Azetidin-2-ones, 70 Azetidin-2-one 4-carboxylic acids, 92... 

Reports on volatile toxins originate primarily from studies on plants found in more arid regions of the world. Among the genera shown to release volatiles are Artemisia, Eucalyptus, and Salvia (4). When identified, the compounds were found to be mainly mono- and sesquiterpenes. Work of Muller and associates (13) has indicated that vapors of these compounds may be absorbed by surrounding plants, and that the chemicals can be absorbed from condensate in dew, or by plant roots after the compounds reach the soil. ... 

Bode (20), working on the exudation of absinthin frcm Artemisia absinthium, showed that the growth of neighboring plants such as Foeniculun vulgare and others was influenced by these toxins and so, for the first time, produced exact evidence that such metabolic products can in nature influence the development of nearby plants. 

Atriplex confertifolia, Eurotia lanata, Artemisia tridentata... 

Die Annahme, daB es sich um die entsprechende cis-Verbindung handelt, konnte von R. Harada (124) widerlegt werden, der aus Artemisia capillaris Thumb, das von ihm benannte Capillen (LXV) isolierte und synthetisch darstellte. Es ist mit dem von W. Treibs (105) ge-fundenen Agropyren identisch (105). 

Die gleiche Verbindung (LXV) isolierten Bohlmann und Kleine (51) aus dem Estragon — Artemisia Dracunculus L. Sie zeigt ein UV-... 

Russische Autoren [zitiert bei Sorensen (207)] fanden bei emeuter Untersuchung von Artemisia capillaris neben dem Capillen (LXV) einen zweiten Kohlenwasserstoff mit der Summenformel C12H12, dem sie die Struktur eines l-Phenyl-hexen-(2)-ins-(4) zuordnen, was der alten Agropyren -Formel (LXIV) entsprechen wurde. Nahere Angaben fehlen jedoch. 

Das Triin-dien CXIV konnte inzwischen auch aus Artemisia vulgaris L. und aus einer Coreopsis-Art isoliert werden 69). 

Dieses Polyinketon konnte auBer in der Gattung Artemisia L. auch in den Gattungen Chrysanthemum L. und Lonas Adans aufgefunden werden, die ebenfalls zum Tribus Anthemideae gehoren (51). 

Das Ponticaepoxyd kommt nicht nur in Artemisia pontica L. vor, sondem konnte aus verschiedenen Arten der Gattungen Artemisia L., Achillea L., Chrysanthemum L. und Cladanthus L. isoliert werden (69), die alle zum Tribus Anthemidea gehoren. 

Dieses Polyin wurde zur gleichen Zeit von Harada, Noguchi und Sugiyama (129) aus Artemisia capillaris isoliert und von den Autoren Capillarin genannt. 

---