Arsenic safety

The handling of arsenic in the workplace should be in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations the maximum permissible exposure limit for arsenic in the workplace is 10 p-g/m of air as deterrnined as an average over an 8-h period (33). 

Occupational Exposure to Inofganic Arsenic, E.S. Dept, of HEW National Institute of Safety and Health, Washington, D.C., 1973. 

NIOSH. 1981. Health hazard evaluation report HETA 81-176-968, Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Basin F, Commerce City, Colorado. Cincinnati, OH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NTIS No. PB83-161257. 

McGeachy, S.M. and D.G. Dixon. 1992. Whole-body arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout during acute exposure to arsenate. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 24 301-308. 

The above process was observed only in the initial cycles. Nevertheless, any electrochemical reduction of As(V) would raise concern about the safety of using LiAsFe in a commercial battery, because, while arsenate in its high oxidation state (V) is not particularly toxic, As(III) and As(0) species From the electrochemical point of view, however, the above reduction could be a benefit, especially for lithium ion cells, since an SET formed on an anode at > 1.0 V vs lithium would be very stable during the operation of a lithium ion cell according to a semi-empirical rule, ° which will be discussed in more detail in section 6. 

WHO (2001) Arsenic and arsenic compounds. Environmental health criteria 224. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). Available at http //www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ ehc/ehc224.htm... 

NRC. Arsenic Committee on Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC, 1977 ISBN 0-709-02604-0. Wirth, N. Hazardous chemical safety. Operations Forum, Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA, 1998, 10 (8). 

Historically, the so-called safety factor approach was introduced in the United States in the mid-1950s in response to the legislative needs in the area of the safety of chemical food additives (Lehman and Fitzhugh 1954). This approach proposed that a safe level of chemical food additives could be derived from a chronic NOAEL from animal studies divided by a 100-fold safety factor. The 100-fold safety factor as proposed by Lehman and Fitzhugh was based on a limited analysis of subchronic/chronic data on fluorine and arsenic in rats, dogs, and humans, and also on the assumption that the human population as a whole is heterogeneous. Initially, Lehman and Fitzhugh reasoned that the safety factor of 100 accounted for several areas of uncertainty ... 

NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 32, Arsine (Arsenic Hydride) Poisoning in the Workplace. DHEW (NIOSH) Pub No 79-142. Cincinnati, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1979... 

The use of all arsenic compounds -- including realgar - is prohibited in "common fireworks" (the type purchased by individuals) by regulations of the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission [121. 

The activities at Picatinny Arsenal have been separated to comply with safety distances and all known means are employed to safeguard workers. When accidents have occurred, it has been due to these precautions that injuries to employees and loss of material or damage to buildings have been kept to a minimum at Picatinny... 

The rept concluded that Picatinny is not just another Army Post, nor is it simply another explosives plant that has gotten back onto its feet after a blow. It is both of these and more because it is the very essence of our entire national defense schemei It is the Ammunition Arsenal of the nation, the design development of artillery ammunition for the A nay being the responsibility of Picatinny Refs 1) Dr Kausch, SS 21, 210(1926) (Das Explosion sungluck im Lake Denmark Naval Ammunition Depot) 2) H.S. Deck, "Safety in Explosives Plants , Army Qrdn 7, 33—37 (1927) 3) Anon, "Heroes of Picatinny. Di-... 

History of Picatinny Arsenal , Dover, NJ (31 March 1931) Chapter IX, "Safety and the Lake Denmark Explosion , pp 72—91... 

Safety Handbook", Part III. Hazardous Compounds, Mixtures, and Reactions, Expl Res Sect, Expls Propints Lab, Pica tinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ (Dec 1959), pp 33-46 (List of compds, mists, and reactions which are, or may be, dangerous) 5) "Explosive Accident/lncident Abstracts" (A compilation listing description, causes preventive measures of 219 expl incidents reported to the Armed Services Explosives Safety Board by companies, governmental agencies other groups from Sept 1961 thru June 1967. The Abstracts are available as ASTIA Document 660020 from die National Technical Information Service, US Dept of Commerce, PO Box 1553, Ravensworth, Va 22151)... 

When glycerol is nitrated for use in military smokeless propellants, the main requirement is usually not the yield of NG, but its stability and other properties, as required by the specifications. If this is the case, a smaller sample can be used (10g), but the nitrating acid should be prepd from technical acids used in the plant and not from cp acids Following is a procedure originated by Hercules Powder Co and adopted at Pica tinny Arsenal with slight modifications. All operations should be conducted behind safety ass Reagents ... 

Arsenic and Its Inorganic Compounds , US National Safety Council Data Sheet 499, Washington, DC, 1961. 

Arsenic Removal Process Form of Arseni c Host Effectively Treated Possible Appli cabi1i ty to Hewlett Packard Potential Waste Reduction Efficiency for Hewlett Packard Operational Characteri sti cs for Hewlett Packard Potential Health and Safety Concerns Potential Costs for HP Relative to Other Listed Procedures Overal1 Potential Effectiveness in Reducing Hazardous Waste... 

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