Arsenic interactions

Nordberg GF, JinT, Hong F, Zhang A, Buchet JP, Bernard A. Biomarkers of cadmium and arsenic interactions. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 2005 206 191-197. 

Quaghebeur, M., and Rengel, Z. (2004). Phosphate and arsenate interactions in the rhizosphere of canola IBrassica napusf Eunct. Plant Biol. 31, 1085-1094. 

A wide variety of interactions of selenium with essential and nonessential elements, vitamins, xenobiotics, and sulfur-containing amino acids have been demonstrated in numerous studies. Selenium has been reported to reduce the toxicity of many metals including mercury, cadmium, lead, silver, and to some extent, copper (Frost 1972). Most forms of selenium and arsenic interact to reduce the toxicity of both elements (Levander 1977). Because of selenium s role in the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase enzymes, selenium also reduces the toxicity of metals in vitamin E-deficient animals (Diplock et al. 1967). 

A novel methodology based on SEC-ESI-MS was developed in the stndy reported by Schmidt et al. [62] for the qnalitative and quantitative analysis of arsenic interactions with peptides and proteins. While the suitability of the new method has to be tested for the investigation of other protein-ligand bindings, the approach was successfully used by the authors to study reactions of phenylarsine oxide with cysteine residues of biomolecules of different mass (300-14,000g mol ) and compared equilibrium constants calculated from SEC/ESl-MS with ESI-MS-binding experiments without SEC coupling. 

Schmidt A-C, Fahlbusch B, Otto M. Size exclusion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis and quantitative characterization of arsenic interactions with peptides and proteins. J Mass Spectrom 2009 44 898-910. 

Miscellaneous. Both whiting and hydrated lime are used as diluents and carriers of pesticides, such as lime—sulfur sprays, Bordeaux, calcium arsenate, etc. The most widely used bleach and sterilizer, high test calcium hypochlorite, is made by interacting lime and chlorine (see Bleaching AGENTS). Calcium and magnesium salts, such as dicalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, lithium salts, etc, are made directly from calcific and dolomitic lime and limestone. 

Some elements found in body tissues have no apparent physiological role, but have not been shown to be toxic. Examples are mbidium, strontium, titanium, niobium, germanium, and lanthanum. Other elements are toxic when found in greater than trace amounts, and sometimes in trace amounts. These latter elements include arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, silver, zirconium, beryUium, and thallium. Numerous other elements are used in medicine in nonnutrient roles. These include lithium, bismuth, antimony, bromine, platinum, and gold (Eig. 1). The interactions of mineral nutrients with... 

Although the preparation of diarsenes, the arsenic analogues of a2o compounds, was first claimed during the nineteenth century, it was not until 1983 that such a compound was unequivocally characterized (106). It was obtained in good yield by the base-promoted interaction of a primary arsine and a dichloroarsine, both of which were stericaHy hindered ... 

Cyclic and Polymeric Substances Containing Arsenic—Arsenic Bonds. A number of organoarsenic compounds containing rings of four, five, or six arsenic atoms have been prepared (cycHc polyarsines). The first such four-membered ring compound to be adequately characterized, tetrakis (trifluoromethyl) tetrarsetane [7547-15-17, was obtained by the interaction of a diiodoarsine and mercury (107,108) ... 

Andreae, M. O. (1979). Arsenic speciation in seawater and interstitial waters the role of biological-chemical interactions on the chemistry of a trace element. Limnol. Oceanog. 24,440-452. 

For arsenous acid oxidation, fundamental studies on the interplay of flow and reaction were made. By means of capillary-flow investigations, spatio-temporal concentration patterns were monitored which stem from the interaction of a specific complex reaction and transport of reaction species by molecular diffusion [68]. One prominent class of these patterns is propagating reaction fronts. By external electrical stimulus, electromigration of ionic species can be investigated. 

On the surface of metal electrodes, one also hnds almost always some kind or other of adsorbed oxygen or phase oxide layer produced by interaction with the surrounding air (air-oxidized electrodes). The adsorption of foreign matter on an electrode surface as a rule leads to a lower catalytic activity. In some cases this effect may be very pronounced. For instance, the adsorption of mercury ions, arsenic compounds, or carbon monoxide on platinum electrodes leads to a strong decrease (and sometimes total suppression) of their catalytic activity toward many reactions. These substances then are spoken of as catalyst poisons. The reasons for retardation of a reaction by such poisons most often reside in an adsorptive displacement of the reaction components from the electrode surface by adsorption of the foreign species. 

Various authors have mentioned the particularly dangerous character of the arsenic trisulphide/hydrogen peroxide interaction without giving any details regarding their appearances. 

An experimental study at 350°C on the interaction between NaCl solution and graywacke which occurs widely in island arc geologic setting indicates that the final solution contains (0.6-0.7) ppm As (Bischoff et al., 1981). Analytical data on As concentration of hydrothermal solution at back-arc basins are few. Arsenic concentration of hydrothermal solution at Lau Basin is 6.0-8.2 ppm (Foquet et al., 1991). We can also estimate As concentration of hydrothermal solution based on the solubility data on orpiment and realgar because these As-bearing minerals are common in back-arc basin deposits (e.g., Okinawa Trough, Kuroko deposits). 

Singhakant, C., Koottatep, T., and Satayavivad, J., Enhance arsenic removals through plant interactions in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 44 (2), 163-169, 2009. 

Interaction of the lithium derivative with a range of chloro- and fluoro-derivatives of arsenic, boron, phosphorus, silicon and sulfur during warming to 25°C tended to be violently exothermic in absence of solvent. Thionyl chloride reacted with explosion. See Hexafluoroisopropylideneamine Butyllithium See other jv-metal derivatives... 

Interaction with arsenic trichloride or phosphorus trichloride is violent, forming pyrophoric triethylarsine or triethylphosphine. 

Interaction with copper(II) sulfide is explosive, and with antimony(II) sulfide, arsenic(III) sulfide, tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide, incandescent. 

Antimony, arsenic, selenium, tellurium, iridium, iron, molybdenum, osmium, potassium, rhodium, tungsten (and when primed with charcoal,) aluminium, copper, lead, magnesium, silver, tin, zinc. Interaction of lithium or calcium with chlorine tri- or penta-fluorides is hypergolic and particularly energetic. 

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