Aromatic hydrocarbons microbial

Diegor E., Abrajano T., Patel T., Stehmeir L., Gow J., and Winsor L. (2000) Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons microbial and isotopic smdies, goldschmidt conference (Cambridge publications). J. Conf. Abstr. 5, 350. 

Experimental procedures have been described in which the desired reactions have been carried out either by whole microbial cells or by enzymes (1—3). These involve carbohydrates (qv) (4,5) steroids (qv), sterols, and bile acids (6—11) nonsteroid cycHc compounds (12) ahcycHc and alkane hydroxylations (13—16) alkaloids (7,17,18) various pharmaceuticals (qv) (19—21), including antibiotics (19—24) and miscellaneous natural products (25—27). Reviews of the microbial oxidation of aUphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (qv) (28), monoterpenes (29,30), pesticides (qv) (31,32), lignin (qv) (33,34), flavors and fragrances (35), and other organic molecules (8,12,36,37) have been pubflshed (see Enzyp applications, industrial Enzyt s in organic synthesis Elavors AND spices). 

Microbial cells may be subjected to stress from a number of sources in their environment. These include antibiotics, metal cations and metalloid oxyanions, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorophenols,... 

Herbes SE, LR Schwall (1978) Microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pristine and petroleum-contaminated sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 35 306-316. 

Gibson DT, V Subramanian (1984) Microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In Microbial degradation of organic compounds (Ed DT Gibson), pp. 181-252. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York. 

Hopper DJ (1978) Microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In Developments in biodegradation of hydrocarbons-1 (Ed RJ Watkinson), pp. 85-112. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, London. 

Smith MR (1994) The physiology of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. In Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation (Ed C Ratledge), pp. 347-378. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 

Heitkamp MA, W Franklin, CE Cerniglia (1988b) Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons isolation and characterization of a pyrene-degrading bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 2549-2555. 

Juhasz AL, R Naidu (2000) Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. Int Biodet Biodeg 45 57-88. 

Meckenstock RU, B Morasch, R Warthmann, B Schink, E Annweiler, W Michaelis, HH Richnow (1999) C/ C isotope fractionation of aromatic hydrocarbons during microbial degradation. Environ Microbiol 1 409-425. 

Sutherland JB, E Rafii, AA Kahn, CE Cerniglia (1995) Mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. In Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals (Eds LY Young and CE Cerniglia), pp. 269-306. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

Bioventing technology was developed by the U.S. EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory to treat soil contaminated by numerous industrial wastes, which is subjected to aerobic microbial degradation, especially to promote the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.65 It uses a series of air injection probes, each of which is attached to a low-pressure air pump. The air pump operates at extremely low pressures to allow the inflow of oxygen without volatilization of contaminants. Additional additives such as ozone or nutrients may also be supplied to stimulate microbial growth.77... 

Tinoco, R., and VazquezDuhalt, R., Chemical Modification of Cytochrome C Improves Their Catalytic Properties in Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1998. 22(1) pp. 8-12. 

Biopract provides technological products and processes for industry, agriculture, and environment. They not only produce technical enzyme preparations but also develop enzymes for applications in agriculture, food, and textile industry as well as in environmental technologies. On the later, bioremediation has been an area of service delivery from Biopract. Their activities regards microbial preparations for the bioremediation of organic contaminants (mineral oil (MKW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). 

Hydrocarbon Microbiology biodegradation mechanisms of oil products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.), pyrolysis, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and ether fuels refining processes (e.g., oil product microbial desulfurization) and oil production processes (e.g., bacterial corrosion). 

Groenewegen, D., Stolp, H. (1975) Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Erdoel Kohle, Erdgas, Pentrachem. Bremst. Chem. 28(4), 206. 

Herbes, S.E. (1981) Rates of microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments in the vicinity of coal-coking waste water discharge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41, 20-28. 

Braddock, J.F. and Z. Richter. 1998. Microbial Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments. U.S. Dept. Interior, OCS Study MMS 97-0041. 82 pp. 

Martens, R. 1982. Concentrations aid microbial mineralization of four to six ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in composted municipal waste. Chemosphere 11 761-770. 

Volkering, F., Breure, A. M., Sterkenburg, A. and van Andel, J. G. (1992). Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons effect of substrate availability on bacterial growth kinetics, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, 548-552. 

Griswold, J., Chen, J.-N., and Klecka, M.E. Pure hydrocarbons from solvents. Ind. Eng. Chem., 42(6) 1246-1251, 1950. Groenewegen, D. and Stolp, H. Microbial breakdown of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd. 

Some dietary practices are thought to contribute to cancer development (Table 21.7). For example, high-temperature cooking prodnces carcinogens such as heterocyclic amines and polycychc aromatic hydrocarbons, and storing food can allow microbial carcinogens, snch as aflatoxin, to be prodnced (see Figure 21.27). 

The metabolism of 1,4-dichlorobenzene could involve the formation of an arene oxide intermediate, as has been proposed to occur in the oxidative metabolism of many halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (Jerina and Daly 1974). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene has not been shown to be mutagenic in microbial or mammalian systems, a result that may be viewed as further suggestive evidence that an arene oxide intermediate is not involved in its metabolism. 

Tabak HH, Chambers CW, Kabler PW. 1964. Microbial metabolism of aromatic compounds. I. Decomposition of phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons by phenol-adapted bacteria. J Bacteriol 87 910- 919. 

Edwards EA, Liang LN, Grbic-Galic D. 1993. Anaerobic microbial transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated solvents. Stanford, CA Environmental Engineering and Science program. Department of Civil Engineering. 

According to the vendor. Microbial Fence has been used to treat groundwater contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOCs) at petroleum, chemical, and wood treating facilities and manufactured gas plants. Microbial Fence was used alone or in conjunction with soil venting/bioventing, aquifer aeration, pump-and-treat methods, and/or recovery of non-aqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). 

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