Hydrocarbons polycyclic aromatic, effects

An appreciation of the extent to which invertebrate species may be exposed to such chemicals comes from considering the effects of complex mixtures. In the North Atlantic ecosystem alone, hundreds of pollutant chemicals have been identified. These include metals, synthetic and chlorinated organics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Over 300 aromatic hydrocarbons have been detected in some regions of the Chesapeake Bay, and high concentrations of PCBs have been... 

The next eight chapters will be devoted to the ecotoxicology of groups of compounds that have caused concern on account of their real or perceived environmental effects and have been studied both in the laboratory and in the field. These are predominantly compounds produced by humans. However, a few of them, for example, methyl mercury, methyl arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are also naturally occurring. In this latter case, there can be difficulty in distinguishing between human and natural sources of harmful chemicals. 

Bauer JE, DG Capone (1988) Effects of co-occurring aromatic hydrocarbons on degradation of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment slurries. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 1649-1655. 

Allen CCR, DR Boyd, F Hempenstall, MJ Larkin, ND Sharma (1999) Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cw-dihydrodiols by soil hacierva.. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 1335-1339. 

Andersson BE, S Lundstedt, K Tornberg, Y Schniirer, LG Oberg, B Mattiasson (2003) Incomplete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with wood-rotting fungi and their effect on the indigenous soil bacteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 1238-1243. 

Madsen T, P Kristensen (1997) Effects of bacterial inoculation and nonionic surfactants on degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 16 631-637. 

Bota et al. [84] used the PCA method to select the optimum solvent system for TLC separation of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Each solute is treated as a point in a space defined by its retention coordinates along the different solvent composition axes. The PCA method enables the selection of a restricted set of nine available mobile phase systems, and it is a useful graphical tool because scatterplots of loading on planes described by the most important axes will have the effect of separating solvent systems from one other most efficiently. 

This chemistry becomes synthetically useful when one of the isomeric palladium intermediates can react with a neighboring substituent and the other isomer cannot. Thus, we have taken advantage of this effect to synthesize a range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pd migration and subsequent arylation (Scheme 24).21 This provides a unique way to form new carbon-carbon bonds in a location remote from the original functionality. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—Physiological effect—Congresses. 2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—Congresses. 3. Carcinogenesis— Congresses. 

Effects of Methyl and Fluorine Substitution on the Metabolic Activation and Tumorigenicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons... 

Committee on Pyrene and Selected Analogues, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, National Research Council. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Evaluation of Sources and Effects" National Academy Press Washington, D.C., 1983. 

Coover, M.P., Sims, R.C.C. (1987) The effects of temperature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon persistence in an unacclimated agricultural soil. Haz. Waste Haz. Mat. 4, 69-82. 

Liiers, F., ten Hulscher, Th.E.M. (1996) Temperature effect on the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between natural organic carbon and water. Chemosphere 33, 643-657. 

McCarthy, J.F., Jimenez, B.D., Barbee, T. (1985) Effect of dissolved humic material on accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons structure-activity relationships. Aqua. Toxicol. 7, 15-24. 

NRCC (1983) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment Formation, sources, fate and effects on aquatic biota. NRCC/CNRC, Ottawa, Canada. 

Schlautman, M.A., Morgan, JJ. (1993a) Effects of aqueous chemistry on the binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by dissolved humic materials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 961-969. 

In another AT study, Terrado et al. [15] characterised pollution patterns in different parts of the Ebro catchment. In the upper part of the Ebro, pollution was found to be mainly in the form of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and trichlorobenzenes (TCBs). Etrophic conditions were also found. Pollution was found to source mainly from industry and urbanisation. The central Ebro was characterised by nutrient pollution such as the accumulation of Ca, Na, Mg and K, which highlighted the importance of salinisation effects from intensive irrigation and soils with high salt content. In the lower Ebro, organic [DDTs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu)] and heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Zn and As) contamination was found to derive mainly from industrial and agricultural activities. 

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