Aromatic hydrocarbons benzyl alcohol

Aromatic hydrocarbons, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzophenone, biphenyl, benzene, toluene, ethyl- and butylbenzene... 

Almost insoluble in cold water. Higher alcohols (including benzyl alcohol), higher phenols (e.g., naphthols), metaformaldehyde, paraldehyde, aromatic aldehydes, higher ketones (including acetophenone), aromatic acids, most esters, ethers, oxamide and domatic amides, sulphonamides, aromatic imides, aromatic nitriles, aromatic acid anhydrides, aromatic acid chlorides, sulphonyl chlorides, starch, aromatic amines, anilides, tyrosine, cystine, nitrocompounds, uric acid, halogeno-hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons. 

In the presence of tellurium tetrachloride, aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with reactive alkylating agents such as benzylic or t-butyl alcohols and chlorides. The yields are high with toluene but only moderate for benzene, p-xylene and anisole. Equivalent and catalytic amounts of tellurium tetrachloride, respectively, are required for the alcohols and... 

The tra x-[Ru (0)2(por)] complexes are active stoichiometric oxidants of alkenes and alkylaro-matics under ambient conditions. Unlike cationic macrocyclic dioxoruthenium I) complexes that give substantial C=C bond cleavage products, the oxidation of alkenes by [Ru (0)2(por)] affords epoxides in good yields.Stereoretentive epoxidation of trans- and cw-stilbenes by [Ru (0)2(L)1 (L = TPP and sterically bulky porphyrins) has been observed, whereas the reaction between [Ru (0)2(OEP)] and cix-stilbene gives a mixture of cis- and trani-stilbene oxides. Adamantane and methylcyclohexane are hydroxylated at the tertiary C—H positions. Using [Ru (0)2(i)4-por)], enantioselective epoxidation of alkenes can be achieved with ee up to 77%. In the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzenes, 2-ethylnaphthalene, indane, and tetrahydronaphthalene by [Ru (0)2(Z>4-por )], enantioselective hydroxylation of benzylic C—H bonds occurs resulting in enantioenriched alcohols with ee up to 76%. ... 

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Four-Ring Compounds Potassium Primary Alcohols Benzyl Alcohol Butanol, n Ethanol Methanol Primary Alcohols... 

Aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds (thiourea, benzyl alcohol, methyl benzoate, toluene, benzophenone, naphthalene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, phenothiazine, biphenyl,... 

The production of hydrocarbons from aromatic alcohols is most readily explained by the hydrogenolysis of the alcohol, but an alternate possibility should be considered. The formation of an aldehyde and its subsequent decarbonylation under reaction conditions could lead to the hydrocarbon. Both toluene and 2-phenylethanol, the mixture of products secured from benzyl alcohol, may be regarded as derived from phenylacetaldehyde as an intermediate ... 

This effect of the p-methoxy group in promoting the homologation reaction is consistent with its similar effect in the benzyl alcohol series. The isolation of the alcohol is also additional evidence for the intermediate formation of a carbinol in the reduction of an aromatic ketone to the hydrocarbon. 

Benzyl halides may be prepared by the free radical halogenationof the corresponding hydrocarbon using reagents such as A -chloro- or N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of light or a radical initiator. Other methods involve the substitution of benzyl alcohols. Benzyl chlorides may also be prepared by the chloromethylationof aromatic compounds. 

Benzyl Alcohol.—The simplest aromatic alcohol is the hydroxyl derivative of toluene and is known as benzyl alcohol, CeHs—CH2—OH. The radical, (CeHs—CH2—), is termed benzyl as in the alcohol and chloride above. The alcohol occurs as an ester in Peru balsam, in storax, a resin obtained from a plant sty rax, and in Tolu balsam from which the mother hydrocarbon toluene derives its name. On hydrolysis of the balsam benzyl alcohol is obtained. It is a liquid, b.p. 206.5°, slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol or ether. It may be prepared by those syntheses just given which yield primary alcohols. It may also be prepared by the reduction of the corresponding aldehyde, known as benzoic aldehyde or benzaldehyde (p. 655). On oxidation it yields the aldehyde and then an acid, benzoic acid. 

Phenols, m-cresol, concentrated mineral acids, formic acid Ethanolamine, dioxane, chlorinated hydrocarbons, cyclohexanone Dichlorobenzene, pentachloroethylene, dichloroethylene, tetralin Cresol, concentrated sulfuric acid, chlorophenol, trichloroacetic acid Dichlorobenzene, DMF, chlorophenol, benzyl alcohol Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyridine, ethyl acetate, dioxane, chloroform, acetone Fluorocarbon oil... 

One of die most popular reactions in organic chemistry is dissolving metal reductions [1-3], Two systems are frequently used - sodium dissolved in ammonia with alcohol and lithium dissolved in alkylamines [4]. Although calcium is seldom used, it has been successfully applied to the reduction of a variety of compounds and functional groups [5], including aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon-carbon double and triple bonds, benzyl ethers, allyl ethers, epoxides, esters, aliphatic nitriles, dithianes, als well as thiophenyl and sulfonyl groups. 

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