Arkansas

Division of Feed, Fertilizer and Pesticides Pesticide Information and Registration P.O. Box 1069 Little Rock, AR 72203 USA Phone +1 501 225-1598 Web site www.plantboard.org 

Emergency line Hazardous Materials Spill Release, 

Division of Plant Industry Pesticide Applicator Section 

Phone -i-l 303 692-2000 800 886-7689 Fax -1-1 303 782-4969 E-mail nancy.brown state.co.us Web site www.cdphe.state.co.us 

Emergency lines Spill reporting, -l-l 860 424-3338 Fax -l-l 860-424-4051 E-mail dep.webmaster po.state.et.us Web site http //dep.state.ct.us 

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Natural diamonds are found in kimberlite of ancient volcanic "pipes," found in South Africa, Arkansas, and elsewhere. Diamonds are now also being recovered from the ocean floor off the Cape of Good Hope. About 30% of all industrial diamonds used in the U.S. are now made synthetically. 

A member of the halogen group of elements, it is obtained from natural brines from wells in Michigan and Arkansas. Little bromine is extracted today from seawater, which contains only about 85 ppm. 

Twenty isotopes are known. Radon-22, from radium, has a half-life of 3.823 days and is an alpha emitter Radon-220, emanating naturally from thorium and called thoron, has a half-life of 55.6 s and is also an alpha emitter. Radon-219 emanates from actinium and is called actinon. It has a half-life of 3.96 s and is also an alpha emitter. It is estimated that every square mile of soil to a depth of 6 inches contains about 1 g of radium, which releases radon in tiny amounts into the atmosphere. Radon is present in some spring waters, such as those at Hot Springs, Arkansas. 

Nearly all domestic production of U.S. rice is located in the midsouth and California. Arkansas is the leading rice producing state with 40.6% of the national total in 1988. Following Arkansas in order of production share are California (18.5%), Louisiana (15.1%), Texas (14.6%), Mississippi (8.6%), and Missouri (2.6%). 

Sandstone. Sandstone wheels were once quarried extensively for farm and industrial use, and special grades of stone for precision honing, sharpening, and lapping are a small but important portion of today s abrasive industry. Production of honing and sharpening stones from deposits of dense, fine grain sandstone in Arkansas account for 76% of the value (about 2 million in 1987) and 88% of the total quantity of such stones in the United States (4). 

Tripoli. TripoH [1317-95-9] is a fine grained, porous, decomposed siHceous rock produced mainly in Arkansas, Illinois, and Oklahoma. It is widely used for polishing and buffing metals, lacquer finishing, and plated products. Since tripoH particles are rounded, not sharp, it has a mild abrasive action particularly suited for polishing. TripoH is also used in toothpastes, in jewelry polishing, and as filler in paints, plastics, and mbber. Rottenstone and amorphous siHca are similar to tripoH and find the same uses. In 1987 the abrasive use of tripoH in the United States totaled 26.6 million tons and was valued at about 3.1 million however, the portion used as a filler totaled 71.1 million tons and had a value of almost 10 million (4). 

In the United States, the most desirable lignites for wax production are those from California and Arkansas. A yield of ca 7% is obtained from these lignites those from other states give only about 2%. 

Oil Fields. Oil field waters in the United States containing lithium have been identified in 10 states. The greatest concentrations are in waters from the Smackover formation of southern Arkansas and eastern Texas. Concentrations from this formation have been measured from 300—600 ppm in waters originating at a 2500—3300 m depth. Recovery of lithium from this resource would only be commercially feasible if a selective extraction technique could be developed. Lithium as a by-product of the recovery of petroleum (qv), bromine (qv), or other chemicals remains to be exploited (12). 

The United States continued fast-breeder reactor research and development with the building of the fast flux test faciHty (FFTF) at Hanford and the SEFOR reactor in Arkansas (59). The next plaimed step was to build a prototype power reactor, the Clinch River fast-breeder plant (CRFBP), which was to be located near Oak Ridge, Teimessee. 

Pecans. Pecan is the most important horticultural crop native to North America (163). The United States is the only substantial producer of pecan, despite the fact that pecans have been introduced into AustraUa, Israel, South Africa, and Argentina. The principal producing states, from high to low, are Georgia, Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Alabama, Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas, and California. Domestic production of 135,597 t/yr in 1990—1991 was valued at 308,954,500 (153). 

The appHcation that has led to increased interest in carbon dioxide pipeline transport is enhanced oil recovery (see Petroleum). Carbon dioxide flooding is used to Hberate oil remaining in nearly depleted petroleum formations and transfer it to the gathering system. An early carbon dioxide pipeline carried by-product CO2 96 km from a chemical plant in Louisiana to a field in Arkansas, and two other pipelines have shipped CO2 from Colorado to western Texas since the 1980s. EeasibiHty depends on cmde oil prices. 

Alumina Product Data Bulletins L o. CHE920, CHE 922, Alcoa, Bauxite, Arkansas Alcoa Chemie, Lausanne, Switzerland Alcan Chemicals, Qeveland, Ohio Kaiser Chemicals, Cleveland, Ohio Malakoff Industries (Reynolds), Malakoff, Texas Baikowski, Charlotte, North Carolina Criceram (Pechiney), Cedex, Prance Union Carbide Specialty Powders, IndianapoHs, Indiana Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting, Tokyo, Japan Showa Alumina Industries SAL, Tokyo, Japan VAW Aluminum, Germany Martinswerke, Germany Pechiney, Prance Arco Specialty Chemicals, Newton Square, Pennsylvania. 

Most U.S. production (20 x 10 lbs ia 1996) of primary vanadium compounds has been as by-products or coproducts of uranium and of ferrophosphoms derived from smelting Idaho phosphates. Most of this processiag was from leaching acids, residues, and spent catalysts. The only domestic commercially mined ore, for its sole production of vanadium, is Arkansas brookite. It has contributed significantly to domestic supply siace ca 1969, however, it has not been mined siace 1992 (25). 

Pish and Wildlife Service and University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Littie Rock, Ark, 1989. 

Code source B-2959 Mexican Blend B-3036 Arkansas—Louisiana B-3051 Boscan B-3602 California... 

Typical brines received at an Arkansas bromine plant have 3—5 g/L bromide, 200—250 g/L chloride, 0.15—0.20 g/L ammonia, 0.1—0.3 g/L hydrogen sulfide, 0.01—0.02 g/L iodide, and additionally may contain some dissolved organics, including natural gas and cmde oil. The bromide-containing brine is first treated to remove natural gas, cmde oil, and hydrogen sulfide prior to introduction into the contact tower (48). 

Facilities for manufactuting bromine are primarily located near sources of natural brines or bitterns containing usable levels of bromine. In 1990, the United States had seven bromine plants owned by four companies. Six of the plants are in southern Arkansas and are operated by two U.S. producers Great Lakes Chemical Corporation and Ethyl Corporation. 

Later, recovery of bromine from brine wells in Midland County, Michigan was developed. Brines in Michigan, Ohio, and West Virginia suppHed the principal portion of production in the United States until 1935. Michigan brines are stiU a source of bromine today. A significant source of bromine in 1991 came from wells in southwest Arkansas. Bromine is found in Seades Lake brine and was produced there at one time, but commercial extraction has been discontinued. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. The United States produced 174,600 tons of bromine ia 1989 (26). Over 95% of this was produced ia southeastern Arkansas. The remainder was produced from Michigan brines. Production of bromine from Seades Lake brine has been discontinued. 

High alumina clays refer ia the ceramic iadustries to nodular clays, budey-flint clay, budey and diaspore, gibbsitic or bauxitic kaolins (clays), abrasive clays, and others. Siace the depletion of diaspore varieties ia Missouri and Pennsylvania, most bauxitic kaolin and clay is produced ia Alabama and Arkansas. 

W. R. Penney, Ph.D., P.E., Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section 14, Gas Absorption and Gas-Liquid System Design)... 

Figure 3.14. Manganin stress-wave profiles for Arkansas novaculite at 25 GPa (Grady et al., 1974).

Ms. Becky Bryant Depository of Documents Arkansas Department of Labor 10421 West Markham Littie Rock, AR 72205 (501)682-4534... 

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