Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas

The concentrations of white phosphorus levels in the atmosphere of a wet fill production line at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas, were measured in 1975 (Berkowitz et al. 1981). The levels of white phosphorus at this location exceeded the OSHA 8-hour time-weighted average exposure limit of 0.1 mg/m3. At one location, the concentration of elemental phosphorus was 0.45 mg/m3 and may have been underestimated due to poor quality control (Berkowitz et al. 

Pearson JG, Bender ES, Taormina DH, et al. 1976. Effects of elemental phosphorus on the biota of Yellow Lake, Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas. March - January 1975. Edgewood Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Technical Report EO-TR-76077. ADA035925. 

Binary Chemical Weapons Chemical weapons formed from two non-lethal elements (called precursors) through a chemical reaction after the munitions are fired or launched. Binary weapons were manufactured, stored, and transported with only one of the chemical elements in the weapon. The second element was to be loaded into the weapon at the battlefield. As of November 1993, the precursors for the binary chemical weapons are stored at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas Tooele Army Depot, Utah and Umatilla Depot Activity, Oregon. 

Former Chemical Weapon Production Facilities Government-owned or contracted facilities used to (1) produce chemical agents, precursors for chemical agents, or other components for chemical weapons or (2) load or fill chemical weapons. These facilities are located at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland Newport Army Ammunition Plant, Indiana Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas and Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado. 

The M-687 projectiles and the OPA canisters were stored at Umatilla Chemical Depot, in Oregon, and they had all been destroyed by March 1999 (U.S. Army, 1999a). As indicated in Table 1-1, almost 57,000 canisters and 7 drums of DF, as well as 293 drums of QL, are still stored at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas. Miscellaneous quantities of DF and QL stored at Aberdeen Proving Ground have been destroyed. ... 

Facilities Non-stockpile facilities Pine Bluff Non-Stockpile Facility (PBNSF) (in final design) Designed to use chemical neutrahzation and associated technologies to address the recovered non-stockpile items stored at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas... 

The biological warfare research facilities at Camp Detrick were expanded, and a biological warfare production facility was created at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas, in 1951. The first limited, biological warfare retaliatory capability was achieved when an anticrop bomb was developed, tested, and placed in production for the U.S. Air Force. Anticrop-agent production sites were carefully selected for safety with the coordination and approval of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This marked the first peacetime biological weapons production by the United States.11... 

Incapacitating agents are designed to induce physical disability or mental disorientation. LSD (a form of lysergic acid) and BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate) are two examples. The United States investigated potential military uses of LSD. It also weaponized BZ, which can cause constipation, headaches, hallucinations, and slowing of mental thought processes (the US s BZ stockpile, located at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas, was incinerated in May 1988-Sep. 1989). 

Inch WP Chemical Mortar Shells on an assembly line, Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas,... 

BROWN DERBY EXERCISE. From 7 to 20 November 1953, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and U.S. Air Force conducted the Brown Derby Exercise as a means of assessing their ability to produce and transport biological weapons (BW) overseas. A simulant BW agent was manufactured at Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas, filled into cluster bombs, and shipped to Eglin AFB, Florida, via Shreveport, Louisiana. The exercise showed that an attack using BW could be launched within several days. 

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