Archival samples

But also tetra-congeners, including tetra-furans have impact for the total TEQ. This may express the influence of atmospheric deposition within the wastewater treatment plant. At this stage of research and lack of archival samples, it was impossible to compare recent levels with historical ones, so any comments about decreasing or increasing concentrations are not justified. 

Due to the issues surrounding the analysis of archived samples, most microarray-based oncology studies have relied on prospective analyses—running samples as they become available, rather than retrospective analyses—running archived samples. While the prospective analysis tends to provide excellent-quality data, the associated clinical data from archived samples tends to be of greater value. In particular, in obtaining archived samples, it is possible to concentrate on those patients for which outcome information is known (e g., survival rates, recurrence, treatment success, and so on). 

Because much of this information may not be known for several years after the samples are first obtained, the true value of a prospective analysis may not be realized for some time to come. The other issue is that for rare cancers, the use of prospective analyses can severely limit the overall sample size in terms of number of biopsies obtained. The ability to delve into archived samples can significantly increase the number of samples profiled, dramatically increasing the power of the analysis. 

Rather than attempting to adapt current microarray technologies to FFPE samples, others have decided to develop new approaches to the study of archived samples via array-based analysis. Illumina has developed a new approach termed DASL (for cDNA-mediated aimealing, selection, extension, and ligation) which has been demonstrated to be effective for some FFPE archived samples (64). 

All test and reference items should be identified with a Chemical Abstracts Service registry number or other unique code. Where test items are novel compounds supplied by the sponsor of the study, there should be an agreed-upon identification system to allow the item to be tracked through the study. The composition and concentrations of prepared solutions should be known and recorded. A sample for analytical purposes of each batch of test item should be retained for all except short-term studies. This requirement has the potential to overload storage facilities very quickly, and some sensible arrangement must be made to archive samples of importance, while not giving an inspector cause to worry about inappropriate disposal of items. 

In a retrospective temporal trend study, archived samples of blubber from ringed seals from Holman Island, North West Territory, Canada were analyzed for PBDE levels. The concentration of PBDE in samples collected between 1981 and 1996 increased from approximately 0.3 ng/g lipid weight in 1981 to 3.6 ng/g lipid weight in 1996 (Ikonomou et al. 2000). 

A total of 140 archived imported liver samples collected in 1991 were also analyzed. It was found that 16 samples, all imported from New Zealand, contained levamisole residues at concentrations in the range 15-53 ppb. The archived samples were from consignments exported from New Zealand before the introduction of the EU MRL of 10 ppb. 

Archived samples were used to determine concentrations of 2378-TeCDD, 12378-PnCDD, 123678-HxCDD, 1234678-HpCDD, and OCDD in herring gull eggs 1981-1991 and concentrations of 2378-TeCDF, 23478-PnCDF, 123478-HxDF, and 123678-HxCDF, 1984-1991 [71]. Other congeners usually found in fish were below the detection limit most or all of the time. While there were... 

HCB was neither imported nor manufactured in South Korea. Domestic emission, therefore, should originate from process such as combustion of organic matters combined with chlorine and from impurities in the production of chemicals and pesticides. HCB emission for 2000 in South Korea was estimated in a preliminary study of emission inventory using top-down approach (KMOE, 2003b). Emissions from some sources in 2005 were determined by measuring concentrations in archived samples originally collected for analysis of PCDDs/DFs in 2001-2003 (KMOE, 2005a). 

The goal of this chapter is to provide guidelines for investigators who, in the course of their research, must obtain, hold, transport, process, and archive samples from vertebrates. There are legal, logistic, and technical issues that need to be considered. Timely recognition and planning can make the difference between successful research and a wasted effort. 

Immunogenicity Archived samples from the 24-week PD study were used to compare the immunogenicity potential of both products. The results indicated there was no difference in terms of total immune response and the response of neutralizing antibodies between the two drugs. 

Tanabe, S., Ramu, K., Isobe, T., Kajiwara, N., Takahashi, S., Jefferson, T. A., Yamada, T. K. (2007) Levels and temporal trends of brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and HBCDs) in Asian waters using archived samples from E5-bank, Ehime University, Japan. Organohal. Cpds, 69 500-503. 

Koizumi, A., Yoshinaga, T.,et al (2005) Assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Japan using archived samples from the early 1980s and mid-1990s. Environmental Research, 99(1) 31-39. 

The EML (1990) diet sampling program was developed to provide estimates of the intake of Sr by man. These dietary intake estimates are then correlated with fallout measurements and the Sr content of human bone. The sampling protocol or archived samples from the diet sampling program have been used by other researchers in studies of the dietary intake of other natural (Fisenne and Keller, 1970 Fisenne et al., 1987 Petrow et al., 1965 Welford and Baird, 1967) and artificial radionuclides (Bennett, 1976 Rivera, 1967) and some stable elements (Bogen, 1972 Rivera, 1962). 

Archive Samples Powder Card Fuel Powder Follower Card... 

Some of the samples taken were stored as archive samples in accordance with the SOP Preparation of mixed samples and archive samples of solid materials" (SOP 064/93/). 

Work up 200 mg authentic archive sample in the same manner as the sample solution (equivalent to 200 mg/ml). A sample from an approved batch serves as authentic archive sample. 

One of the cardinal issues is the dating of the samples. Ideally, advantage should be taken of archived samples collected at established dates, but this is possible only for samples of soils and some kinds of biota — and its unambiguous application depends critically on how adequately the samples have been preserved. 

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