Archaeology, forensic

Wilson, A. S., Dodson, H. I., Janaway, R. C., Pollard, A. M., and Tobin, D. J. Selective biodegradation in hair shafts derived from archaeological, forensic and experimental contexts. Brit. J. Dermatol. 157(3) 450-457. 

XRF is widely used for elemental analysis in geochemistry, archaeology, forensic science, and life sciences. The method has the advantages of simple analytical procedure as well as being non-destructive with a relatively short testing time. As with any analytical procedure, the analytical procedure for EDXRF includes sample preparation, sample measurement, and data treatment. 

One of the important advantages of NAA is its applicability to almost all elements in the periodic table. Another advantage of neutron activation is that it is nondestructive. Consequently, NAA is an important technique for analyzing archaeological and forensic samples, as well as works of art. 

A good LC/MS instrument routinely provides a means for obtaining the identities and amounts of mixture components rapidly and efficiently. It is not unusual to examine micrograms or less of materia). LC/MS is used in a wide range of applications, including environmental, archaeological, medical, forensic, and space sciences, chemistry, biochemistry, and control boards for athletics and horse racing. 

Saunders, S.R., Fitzgerald, C, Rogers, T., Dudar, C. and McKillop, H. 1992 A lest of several methods of skeletal age estimation using a documented archaeological sample. Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences 25 97-118. 

Applications The main application fields of PIXE are earth science, air pollution studies (aerosol analysis), mineralogical studies, forensic science, arts and archaeology. In the external-beam PIXE technique, the proton beam is taken out to ambient air. This mode finds application in the analysis of art objects (paintings, books, etc.). 

Sharp, Z. D., Atudoreia, V., Panarellob, H. O., Fernandezb, J. and Douthitt, C. (2003) Hydrogen isotope systematics of hair archeological and forensic applications. Journal of Archaeological Science 30, 1709. 

E. Wild, R. Golser, P. Hille, W. Kutschera, A. Priller, S. Puchegger, W. Rom, P. Steier and W. Vycudilik, First 14C results from archaeological and forensic studies at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator, Radiocarbon 40, 273 281 (1998). 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms GC-MS), 4 616 6 381, 431 archaeological materials, 5 743 use in forensic toxicology, 12 91 Gas-controlled heat pipe, 73 234—235 Gas cracking furnaces, additives to, 10 609-610 Gas diffusion... 

Hunter, J.R., Roberts, C.A. and Martin, A. (ed.) (1996). Studies in Crime An Introduction to Forensic Archaeology. Seaby/Batsford, London. 

Parallels have been drawn between archaeological and forensic chemistry (Heron 1996), since the forensic chemist often has to deal with similarly small and degraded samples. In many ways, there is a close relationship between the two. Both derive evidence from samples obtained from a controlled recovery situation, and both attempt to reconstruct patterns of human... 

Figure 9.8 Trace element profile along a single hair using LA-ICP-MS. The horizontal axis refers to the tracking time of the laser along the hair, which equates to distance, (a) shows lead along individual hairs from different depositional environments A is a modern sample, B is an experimentally buried modern sample, C is from a surface-exposed (8 months) forensic case, and D is an archaeological sample (died 1867). (b) shows arsenic from three of these same samples. There is clearly postdepositional uptake of both elements in the archaeological samples, and in these particular examples little evidence of lateral variation.

Cox, M. and Mays, S. (eds.) (2000). Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science. London, Greenwich Medical Media. 

Heron, C. (1996). Archaeological science as forensic science. In Studies in Crime an introduction to forensic archaeology, eds. Hunter, J., Roberts, C., and Martin A., London, Batsford, pp. 156-170. 

In order for the intended audience of students to become informed customers or, better still, trainee practitioners, we present in the final part some of the basic science necessary to appreciate the principles and practice underlying modern analytical chemistry. We hope that this basic science is presented in such a way that it might be useful for students of other applied chemistry disciplines, such as environmental chemistry or forensic chemistry, and even that students of chemistry might find some interest in the applications of archaeological chemistry. 

ICP spectroscopy has been applied in quantitative elemental analysis in forensic examinations (57), and for such issues as the determination of source provenance based on these data for materials such as ochre (58) or other pigments. Speakman et al. (59) report on the characterization of archaeological materials with LA-ICP-MS, while others analyzed pigments successfully on pottery from the American Southwest (60), including the Mesa Verde region (61) among others. 

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