Aquaculture testing

Veterinary Potential or Fiorfenicol. The absolute ban on the use of chloramphenicol ia food producing animals ia the United States and Canada has accentuated the need for an effective broad spectmm antibiotic ia animal food medicine. Fiorfenicol and other antibiotics commonly used ia veterinary medicine have been evaluated in vitro against a variety of important veterinary and aquaculture pathogens. Some of these data ate shown in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. Fiorfenicol was broadly active having MICs lower than those of chloramphenicol in each of the genera tested (Table 4). Florfenicol was also superior to chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline [79-57-2] ampicillin [69-53-4] and oxolinic acid [14698-29-4] against the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogen of fish in Japan (Table 5) (37). 

Female sexual development and behaviour in mammals occurs by default and requires no ovarian secretion, and it is only in genetic males that the testis can secrete hormones which destroy this female pattern and superimpose that of the male. Sexual differentiation is not so well defined in fish, and larval exposure to both synthetic estrogens and androgens is widely used in aquaculture to produce monosex cultures. Endocrine disruption of sexual differentiation in fish may therefore reflect both the complexity and diversity of such processes between different species. Some care is required in use of the terms hermaphrodite and sex-reversal since a true hermaphrodite has both functional testes and ovaries and a sex-reversed fish is fully functional as its final sex—both produce the appropriate viable gametes. Such functional sex-reversal is not possible in mammals, but in some species of fish it is the normal developmental pattern. In most of the cases of hermaphroditism or sex-reversal reported in the non-scientific press, there is evidence only for a few ovarian follicles within a functional testis. This may be considered as feminisation or a form of intersex, and is very clearly endocrine disruption, but it is certainly neither sex-reversal nor hermaphroditism. In some cases the terms have even been used to infer induction of a single female characteristic such as production of yolk-protein by males. 

Amphoteric water-soluble polymers, 20 475 Ampicillin, registered for use in aquaculture in Japan, 3 221t AmpliChip CYP450 Test, 16 392 Amplifiers, optical, 11 145-146 Amrinone, 5 186... 

Several commercial products for cyanobacteria control have been developed from decomposing barley straw constituents. Schrader recently tested two of these commercial products in the laboratory for their effect on the growth of P. peromata and found that neither commercial product was effective in inhibiting the growth of P. peromata, even at test concentrations greater than 100 times the label-recommended application rates. Commercial products containing SCP have also been developed recently and approved by the USEPA for use in aquaculture. However, recent efficacy... 

The concentration was measured by comparing against a container (% = 0) having no zeolite, where the ammonium concentration in this container was taken as C [%] = 100%. A similar test was carried out in the aquaculture experimental station in Manzanillo, Cuba [85], Even though natural zeolites are inexpensive, it has limited NH4 removal capacity and cannot be easily regenerated when exhausted therefore, synthetic ion-exchange resins have been proposed for NH4 removal [79],... 

Aquaculture in ponds and other enclosures, and mariculture in enclosures in seawater, produce shellfish, crustaceans and fish for human consumption. It is therefore of vital importance (for the organisms and for the consumers) that the water quality is optimal, and regular testing is essential to prove that pollution is absent. BEWS are very suitable to carry out this task, as several test organisms belong to the same group as the cultured species mussels, oysters, clams and fish. There seems no reason why other BEWS could not perform in freshwater aquaculture systems as well. BEWS not only monitor the quality of the ambient water in aquaculture farms, but may also be used to optimize production. Stressed animals are less productive in terms of e.g. growth... 

Petit, F., P. Le Goff, J.P. Cravedi, O. Kah, Y. Valotaire and F. Pakdel. Trout estrogen receptor sensitivity to xenobiotics as tested by different bioassays. Aquaculture 177 353—365, 1999. 

Karplus I, Barki A (2004) Social control of growth in the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus testing the sensory modalities involved. Aquaculture 242 321-333... 

EKNATH A E, TAYAMEN M M, PALADA-DE VERA M S, DANTING J C, REYES R A, DIONISIO E E et al. (1993) Genetic improvement of farmed tilapias the growth performance of eight strains of Oreochromis niloticus tested in different farm environments . Aquaculture, vol. Ill, pp. 171-188. 

GEMENDE B, GERBETH A, PAUscH N and VON BRESiNSKY A (2008) Test for the application of membrane technology in a new method for intensive aquaculture . Desalination, 224,57-63. 

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