Applications of Oxygen

Many industrial processes are using air for combustion and chemical oxidation. The benefits of using oxygen by enriching or replacing air include  

In metallurgy, foxmdry technology and the steel industry, oxygen is used to  

In chemistry, energy engineeting and environmental protection, oxygen 

In industrial applications, oxy-fuel cutting is the predominant flame process for cutting mild- and low-alloy steels (see Fig. 2.33). With the right gases, a good torch and a steady hand, this process enables an experienced operator to cut steel anywhere, as it does not require electricity or complicated equipment. Although developed at the beginning of the last century, the basic processes stiU apply today. 

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IChemE. 1983. Guide Notes on the Safe Application of Oxygen Analysers. The Institution of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, Warwickshire. 

The use of hydrazine may be reduced partially or entirely omitted. Similarly, the application of oxygen may be partial to selective areas of the boiler cycle or used as a total replacement for hydrazine. 

Chatel-Pelage, F. et al., Applications of oxygen for NO, control and C02 capture in coal-fired power plants, Second International Conference on Clean Coal Technologies for our Future, Sardinia, May 10-12,2005. 

Taylor, H. P., Jr. (1974). The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition. Econ. Geol., 69, 843-83. 

Commercial applications of oxygen difluoride are bmited. It is used in organic synthesis to prepare fluoropropylenes and acylfluorides. It is used as an oxidizing and fluorinating agent in many preparative reactions and as a monomer in diolefin copolymerization. 

D. A. Boykin and A. L. Baumstark in Applications of Oxygen-17 NMR Spectroscopy to Structural Problems in Rigid Planar Organic Molecules , 170 NMR Spectroscop. Org. Chem., CRC Press, New York, 1991, p.154. 

H. Suginome, Reaction and synthetic application of oxygen-centered radicals photo-chemically generated from alkyl hypoio-dites in CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2nd Edition, W. Horspool and F. Lenci (Eds.), pages 109-1-109-44 CRC Press 2004. 

The catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen oxidation are materials based on substances like Co, Ni, Fe, Mn [16, 19]. One of new applications of oxygen reduction catalysts is air-metal hydride accumulator. Electrodes based on La0.1Cao.4Co03, La0. Cao.,jMn03 [18] are used in this battery. The electrodes of similar composition could be used in SOFC. An insertion of the oxides in their composition (CuO for example) leads to increasing the conductivity of system and efficiency of catalyst [30]. 

Taylor, H. P., 1974, The Application of Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies to Problems of Hydrothermal Alteration and Ore Deposition Econ. Geol. 69 843-883. 

The original application of oxygen isotope thermometry. The thermal history (top) of the surroundings in South Carolina, USA, during the Cretaceous period as recorded by oxygen isotope changes (bottom) as a function of shell radius in the PeeDee belemnite (Urey et a/., 1951). 

Applications for the oxygen-based combustion in the iron and steel industries are not limited to the processing of molten metal. Increased application of oxygen can be found in many metal-heating applications in the rolling facilities as well. In these applications, oxygen is utilized to enrich or even replace the air used in conventional air/fuel burners. 

A key factor in the possible application of oxygen ion conducting ceramics is that, for use as solid electrolyte in fuel cells, batteries, oxygen pumps or sensors, their electronic transport number should be as low as possible. Given that the mobilities of electronic defects typically are a factor of 1000 larger than those of ionic defects, a band gap of at least 3 eV is required to minimize electronic contributions arising from the intrinsic generation of electrons and holes. 

Tominaga, H., Yajima, K. and Nishiyama, S. (1981) Application of oxygen probes for controlling oxygen content in molten copper. Solid State Ionics, i/4, 571. ... 

Suginome, H., Reaction and Synthetic Application of Oxygen centered Radicals Photochemically Generated from Alkyl Hypohalites. In Horspool, W. M., Lenci, F. (eds), CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2nd edn, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 2004, Chapter 109, pp. 1 16. 

Application of Oxygen Sensors for Exhaust Emission Control... 

In summary, three applications of oxygen had decisive effects on the chemical and biological evolution the oxidizing atmosphere, the stratospheric ozone layer and the development of aerobic respiration. 

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