Evolution, biological

According to current theories of biological evolution, complex amino and nucleic acids were produced from randomly occurring reactions of compounds thought to be present in the Earth s early atmosphere. These simple molecules then assembled into more and more complex molecules, such as DNA and RNA. Is this process consistent with the second law of thermodynamics Explain your answer. 

Biological evolution is a change over time in the genetic composition of members of a population of organisms that are mating with one another. Thus, evolution is a population process, not a... 

Claude Debru I m very much interested in the distinction you introduced in this discussion between how possible and necessarily. These ideas of possibility and necessity have obviously deep philosophical roots and the idea of possibility is extremely difficult anyway. My question would be the following one - Would you agree that when you ask the question of how possible, how possibly, you have to get an idea of all the possibilities which are involved before giving the answer Then, do you think biologists have really the idea of all possibilities which are run at a certain level of biological evolution ... 

How could Dawkins have come up with such an extreme and counterintuitive position The source can be found in his analysis of selection. Dawkins (1976) did not introduce the notion of replicators, but he certainly popularized it. Some entities exhibit structures of the sort that deserves to be termed information . Replication is the transmission of this information from one replicator to the next, copies producing copies. In biological evolution, so Dawkins argues, these replicators are genes. He also introduced a second process (environmental interaction) and corresponding entities (vehicles). As Dawkins sees it, the relation between replicators and vehicles is development. Replicators produce the vehicles in which they reside. Vehicles are clumsy robots, totally governed by the replicators that produce them. 

Marc Van Regenmortel We have been totally incapable in the past of predicting the technological innovations achieved by human design. Biological systems are considerably more complex than human artefacts or weather patterns and predicting biological evolution or the future of human society is clearly not possible. 

Biological evolution from the unicellular organism to multicellular entities. 

There must have been enough time for biological evolution. 

Energised Inorganic Elements and their Uses by the End of Biological Evolution... 

Throughout the whole of this evolution it is the ecosystem which evolves with all kinds of chemotypes. The whole of biological evolution is but advancing the effect of high-frequency energy applied to material and released as low-frequency heat - an ever-increasing rate of thermal entropy production. 

An essential progress in this direction was achieved [69-71] with the following reformulation of the problem. Instead of trying to solve a very complex problem of real biological evolution, an attempt was made to find a way of preparing sequences ensuring certain properties of the synthesized heteropolymer. This problem is called polymer sequence design. Gen-... 

Squire,J. (1981). The Structural Basis of Muscle Contraction. Plenum Press, New York. Stefani, M., and Dobson, C. M. (2003). Protein aggregation and aggregate toxicity New insights into protein folding, misfolding diseases and biological evolution. J. Mol. Med. 81, 678-699. 

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